1. I NTRODUCTION TO C HEMISTRY Matter Science 10 Modified

2. W HAT IS M ATTER ? Matter: anything that takes up space (volume) and has a mass.

3. P ROPERTIES OF M ATTER Physical Property a property that you can observe without changing one kind of matter into something new. Examples: Densities Melting points Boiling points Freezing points Colour Odour Ductility Brittleness

4. Chemical Property a property that you can observe when one kind of matter is converted into a different kind of matter. Examples: Reactivity with water/air/acids Combustibility Toxicity

5. S TATES OF M ATTER Solid definite shape molecules close together firm formation little molecular movement,

6. Liquid indefinite shape molecules further apart than solids more molecular movement Pressure and temperature influence it.

7. Gas indefinite shape and formation Molecules are far apart The most molecular movement constant motion Easily affected by temperature and pressure

8. Solid Liquid Gas Melt Evaporate Condense Freeze

9. T YPES OF C HANGE : Physical change: a change that occurs when no new substance is formed. Properties such as size, shape, colour or state may change (eg. Boiling water) The reverse is possible. Chemical change: new substances (with new properties) are formed from 2 or more different elements. (eg. Rusting of iron) The reverse is not possible.

10. C HEMICAL R EACTIONS (C HANGE ) When one or more substances are changed into new substances. Reactants- stuff you start with Products- what you make NEW PROPERTIES Not easily reversed

11. I NDICATIONS OF A CHEMICAL REACTION Energy absorbed or released – we see this by a temperature change Energy absorbed = temperature increase Energy released = temperature decrease Permanent color change Gas produced Precipitate- solid that separates from solution Not easily reversed THERE IS ALWAYS A NEW SUBSTANCE!

12. C LASSIFICATION OF M ATTER

14. Pure substance: contains one type of particle. Ex. Elements & compounds Mixture: contains two or more types of particles intermingling, no chemical bonding. Ex. Homogeneous & Heterogeneous mixtures P URE S UBSTANCE OR M IXTURE ?

15. Composed of two or more different atoms Can be broken down by chemical methods and each part will have different properties Ex: water (H 2 O), 2 atoms of hydrogen, I atom of oxygen) salt (NaCl), 1 atom of sodium, 1 atom of chlorine

16. An element is a substance made up of only one kind of atom The periodic table arranges elements according to their properties

17. M IXTURES Heterogeneous mixtures are not uniform in composition. You will see different layers Ex: sand and salt oil & water

18. Homogeneous Mixtures Appear to be one substance May be solutions (something dissolved)

19. W HICH IS IT ? Element Compound Mixture