1. Monday 8/17/15 Science Starter In your composition notebook, copy the sheet below. In a moment you and your table will be assigned to one of the 8 lab tables. You will spend 2 minutes at each lab table where you will make three observations about what you find.

2. Tennessee SPI Objective: Design a simple experimental procedure with an identified control and appropriate variables. Tuesday Notes Science Essential Learning Students will examine the steps of the scientific method and key components of experiments to include independent and dependent variables, and controls. Essential Question(s) What are the steps of the scientific method? What are experiments, and how do I design them to include independent/dependent variables, and controls? SPI 0807.Inq.1 (Variables and Controls)

3. Step 1: Make Observations Step 2: Ask A Question Step 3: Form A Hypothesis Step 4: Test The Hypothesis  By doing experiments Step 5: Analyze The Results Step 6: Draw Conclusions Step 7: Communicate results Scientific Method (In List Format) Variables and Controls in Experiments  Used with the scientific method  Use independent variables when you test your hypothesis by doing experiments (see step 4 above) SPI 0807.Inq.1 (Variables and Controls) Notes Science

4. Experiments  In an experiment you should conduct multiple trials SPI 0807.Inq.1 (Variables and Controls) Notes Science How many? More is better!  Experiments should include independent variables, dependent variables, constants, and controls.

5. Experiments: In an experiment you test or measure a quantity and/or quality of something. SPI 0807.Inq.1 (Variables and Controls) Notes Science Example: Measuring Quantity: Scientists could be testing a new cell phone battery to determine how long it will last when you are text messaging. Example: Measuring Quality: Scientists could be testing new IPod ear buds to determine if they are more comfortable or not.

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7. In an experiment…  …you should only test for ONE key thing at a time When you repeat the experiment…  …only change this ONE key thing This one thing is called… Independent Variables SPI 0807.Inq.1 (Variables and Controls) Notes Science Also know as….the manipulated variable

8. What is an independent variable? The one thing YOU change each time you duplicate an experiment Here is our simple memory trick to help you with this.  Independent variable begins with the letter “I”  So remember the letter “I.”  Imagine yourself doing the experiment., and ask yourself… “What ONE thing will I change when repeating the experiment?”  That one thing will be… SPI 0807.Inq.1 (Variables and Controls) Notes Science Also know as….the manipulated variable

9.  Let's take a moment to watch and discuss a video-song about this topic Link: Variables Song by Mr. EdmondsVariables Song by Mr. Edmonds Video Review SPI 0807.Inq.1 (Variables and Controls) Science

10. 8/19/ 15 Science Starter 1.What are the two information gathering steps of the scientific method before the experiment? 2.Explain an easy way to identify what the Independent variable is in an experiment. Wednesday You are Loved! You are VALUABLE and IMPORTANT I can name the steps of the scientific method. I can identify appropriate variables and controls in an experiment.

11. 8/19/ 15 Science Hawk Mastery Wednesday You are Loved! You are VALUABLE and IMPORTANT I can name the steps of the scientific method. I can identify appropriate variables and controls in an experiment.

12. The independent variable is the type of soft drink Example: You decide to do an experiment to determine the reason certain soft drinks are more popular that others. You suspect that the popularity of the drinks is connected with the amount of sugar found in them. You decide to use Dr. Pepper, Coke, Pepsi, and Barq's root beer. You first determine how much sugar each drink contains. Then you get 6 students to do a blind taste test with all 4 drinks. What is the independent (manipulated) variable in this example? In other words, what is the one thing being tested for or changed?

13. Example: A scientist is conducting an experiment to test how sunlight affects plant growth. The independent variable is the distance from the sunlamp which is connected with the amount of sunlight.  She places one corn plant 1 meter away from a sunlamp.  She places one corn plant 2 meters away from a sunlamp.  She places one corn plant 3 meters away from a sunlamp. Corn plant 01Corn plant 02Corn plant 03 What is the independent (manipulated) variable in this example? In other words, what is the one thing being tested for or changed?

14. Example: A student conducts an experiment with ten 8th grade students. He uses 3 similar types of sour candy in a series of 4 trials. (Sour Patch Kids, Sour Skittles, and Warheads) He gives 1 piece of candy to each student and records their facial expressions to estimate how sour each candy is. The independent variable is the type of sour candy What is the independent (manipulated) variable in this example? In other words, what is the one thing being tested for or changed?

15. Example: A student conducts an experiment to determine which type of glue works best for attaching two pieces of regular writing paper together. The independent variable is the type of glue She places 2g of glue on each sheet of paper and then uses a spring scale to measure how much force it takes to pull the sheets apart. What is the independent (manipulated) variable in this example? In other words, what is the one thing being tested for or changed? Liquid-washable Glue Stick-washable Glue Stick-nonwashable She uses 3 types of Elmer’s glue in a series of experiments.

16. Example: A student conducts an experiment to determine which ink color in ballpoint pens will last the longest before running out. The independent variable is the color of ink She uses 3 ink colors in 3 ballpoint pens in a series of experiments. (1) Black ink pen, (2) Blue ink pen, (3) Red ink pen) She copies text from her science book. She copies the same text over and over. She writes at the same speed. The room temperature remains the same. She writes on the same kind of paper each time. What is the independent (manipulated) variable in this example? In other words, what is the one thing being tested for or changed?

17. Here is an example of a question you might see on a quiz or test. Questions Science SPI 0807.Inq.1A (Independent Variables)

18. Here is an example of a question you might see on a quiz or test. Questions Science SPI 0807.Inq.1A (Independent Variables)

19. Here is an example of a question you might see on a quiz or test. Questions Science SPI 0807.Inq.1A (Independent Variables)

20. Here is an example of a question you might see on a quiz or test. Questions Science SPI 0807.Inq.1A (Independent Variables)

21. Here is an example of a question you might see on a quiz or test. Questions Science SPI 0807.Inq.1A (Independent Variables)

22. Brain break SPI 0807.Inq.1 (Variables and Controls) Science

23. Wednesday 8/18/15 Science Study Jam

24. 8/19/ 15 Science Starter 1.Write the definition for independent variable. 2.Write the definition for dependent variable. Thursday You are Loved! You are VALUABLE and IMPORTANT I can name the steps of the scientific method. I can identify appropriate variables and controls in an experiment.

25. Notes SPI 0807.Inq.1 (Variables and Controls) Science What Is A Dependent Variable?  Other factors that change because of the independent variable  These are the things that YOU DO NOT CHANGE…they change on their own while you are making observations  In other words, anything that "changes on its own" while the experimenter is observing it will be a… Also called "Responding Variable"

26. Example: A scientist is conducting an experiment to test how sunlight affects plant growth.  She places one corn plant 1 meter away from a sunlamp.  She places one corn plant 2 meters away from a sunlamp.  She places one corn plant 3 meters away from a sunlamp. Corn plant 01Corn plant 02Corn plant 03 What is a dependent variable in this example? HINT: What is a response that will happen without you doing it? The independent variable is the distance from the sunlamp A dependent variable is the plant growth

27. Example: A student conducts an experiment with ten 8th grade students. He uses 3 similar types of sour candy in a series of four trials. (Sour Patch Kids, Sour Skittles, and Warheads) He gives one piece of candy to each student and records their facial expressions to determine how sour each candy is. What is a dependent variable in this example? HINT: What is a response that will happen without you doing it? The independent variable is the type of sour candy A dependent variable is their reaction (facial expressions)

28. Example: A student conducts an experiment to determine which type of glue works best for attaching two pieces of regular writing paper together. She places 2g of glue on each sheet of paper, and then uses a spring scale to measure how much force it takes to pull the sheets apart. Liquid-washable Glue Stick-washable Glue Stick-nonwashable She uses 3 types of Elmer’s glue in a series of experiments. What is a dependent variable in this example? HINT: What is a response that will happen without you doing it? The independent variable is the type of glue Dependent variable-how much force to pull apart the paper

29. Example 05: A student conducts an experiment to determine which ink color in ballpoint pens will last the longest before running out. She uses 3 ink colors in 3 ballpoint pens in a series of experiments. (1) Black ink pen, (2) Blue ink pen, (3) Red ink pen) She copies text from her science book. She copies the same text over and over. She writes at the same speed. The room temperature remains the same. She writes on the same kind of paper each time. What is a dependent variable in this example? HINT: What is a result from using the different color inks? The independent variable is the color of the ink A dependent variable is how long the ink lasts.

30. Wednesday 8/19/15 Brain Break Find four differences.

31. Wednesday 8/19/15 Brain Break Find four differences.

32. What Are Control Experiments?  An experiment to verify the results of another experiment using the same conditions except for one factor or variable  An experiment separated from the main experiment where the independent variable being tested cannot influence the results.  Simply remove the independent variable entirely or replace it with a neutral independent variable. Notes SPI 0807.Inq.1 (Variables and Controls) Science Also called control groups

33. Notes SPI 0807.Inq.1 (Variables and Controls) Science Control Experiment (Fruity Pebbles Example)  This is your main experiment.  Next do a control experiment (see next slide) Does eating a sugary cereal make children hyperactive? Every day for a week have 3 children eat a bowl of Fruity Pebbles. Then observe their energy level for the next two hours. Ind Variable-the CerealDep Variable-their behavior

34. Notes SPI 0807.Inq.1 (Variables and Controls) Science Control Experiment (Fruity Pebbles Example)  Option 01: Repeat the experiment exactly except this time don't give the children any cereal at all.  Option 02: Repeat the experiment exactly but give them a bowl of cereal that does not contain any sugar. Does eating a sugary cereal make children hyperactive? Every day for a week have 3 children eat a bowl of Fruity Pebbles. Then observe their energy level for the next two hours. Ind Variable-the CerealDep Variable-their behavior  Do a control experiment by simply removing the independent variable entirely or replace it with a neutral independent variable.

35. Example: A scientist is conducting an experiment to test how sunlight affects plant growth.  She places one corn plant 1 meter away from a sunlamp.  She places one corn plant 2 meters away from a sunlamp.  She places one corn plant 3 meters away from a sunlamp. Corn plant 01Corn plant 02Corn plant 03 Do a control experiment by simply removing the independent variable entirely or remove its effect The independent variable is the distance from the sunlamp control experiment-place one other corn plant in a dark room

36. Notes SPI 0807.Inq.1 (Variables and Controls) Science Control Experiment (Energy Drink Example)  This is your main experiment.  Next do a control experiment (see next slide) If you consume an energy drink before running will it enable you to run faster? On 3 different days at the track, consume one can of energy drink. (Day 1: Monster, Day 2: Red Bull, Day 3: Rock Star) Then run 30 meters as fast as you can. Record the time it takes you to run that distance. Ind Variable-type of energy drinksDep Variable-how fast you run

37. Notes SPI 0807.Inq.1 (Variables and Controls) Science Control Experiment (Energy Drink Example) If you consume an energy drink before running will it enable you to run faster? On 3 different days at the track, consume one can of energy drink. (Day 1: Monster, Day 2: Red Bull, Day 3: Rock Star) Then run 30 meters as fast as you can. Record the time it takes you to run that distance. Ind Variable-type of energy drinksDep Variable-how fast you run Do a control experiment by simply removing the independent variable entirely or remove its effect control experiment-run one more time without an energy drink or have a glass of water instead.

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