1. The Science of Biology

2. What is Science? What is its purpose? To investigate questions To support or refute a theory To gain knowledge

3. The Scientific Method! State the Question Form a Hypothesis Conduct an Experiment Collect Data Draw A Conclusion

4. Qualitative vs. Quantitative Qualitative Describes data using words Quality Ex. There are many red cars in the parking lot Quantitative Describes data with numbers Quantity Ex. There are 14 cars in the parking lot

5. Designing an Experiment How many variables are in a typical experiment? How many variables can be tested at one time?

6. The main parts of an experiment Independent Variable (manipulated) Dependent Variable (responding/result) Control

7. Determine the variables in the experiment A botanist is studying the affect of fertilizer on pea plants. She test 5 plants. She adds 6 oz of fertilizer to plant 1, 7 oz of fertilizer to plant 2, 8 oz to plant 3, 9 oz to plant 4 and no fertilizer to plant 5. She waters each of the plants with 200mL of water everyday for 2 weeks and places them in the sun for 3 hours each day.

8. Homework ( Due Tuesday 8/11) Experimental Design Assignment Design an experiment to answer a question you have about the natural world Design needs to include: The question being investigated Your hypothesis (“if then statement”) Procedures (how would you test it) Variables Data Collection ( how would you collect data)

9. Key Experiments From the Past Francesco Redi: Refuted Spontaneous Generation John Needham: Retested Redi’s experiment Lazzaro Spallanzani: Retest Redi’s Experiment

10. Key Experiments From the Past Louis Pasteur: Spontaneous Generation Pasteurization & sterilization

11. Characteristics of Living Things 1. Made of Cells 2. Reproduce 3. Based on Universal Genetic Code 4. Grow and Develop 5. Obtain and Use Materials and Energy 6. Respond the Their Environment 7. Maintain a Stable Internal Environment (homeostasis) 8. Change Over Time

12. The Metric System Units: Length = The __________ from one point to another Volume = The amount of ________ an object takes up Mass = The amount of __________ in an object Temperature = The measure of _________ or _________

13. SI Units Length = m Volume (solid) = cm 3 Volume (liquid) = mL Mass = kg Temperature = Celsius

14. Scientists often record their data in a table or _______. There are multiple types of graphs: ______, _______, or a ____ ______. X- axis is along the ___________plane Y-axis is along the __________plane

15. Microscopes Light Microscope: produces magnified images by focusing _______ _______ ____. Most commonly used microscope Compound Light Microscope: allows light to pass through the specimen and uses _____ lenses to form an image.

16. Lab report format LengthWidthHeightVolume Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Average CircumferenceDifference from Average Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Average X

17. Sodium Table Mass of Sodium and Beaker (g) Mass of Beaker (g) Mass of Sodium Chloride (g) Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Average

18. Pre Lab Quiz 1. What is the metric unit used to measure mass? 2. What is the metric unit used to measure length? 3. What information will you be collecting about the block? 4. What information will you be collecting about the sodium chloride? 5. What is one lab safety rule you think you should follow during lab?

19. Post Lab Questions 1. Did you and your partner measure the same distance for each side of the block? If not, what do you think may have caused the discrepancy? 2. What parts of the lab activity provided opportunities for human error? 3. Why is it important to ALWAYS include the metric units of the measure in your data?

20. Microscopes Electron Microscope: produces magnified images by focusing ______ of ________. Can produce images almost 1000 times more detailed than a light microscope.

21. Two Types of Electron Microscopes: Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM): shine a beam of electrons through a thin specimen. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM): scan a narrow beam of electrons back and forth across the ____________ of the specimen.