1. Expository Text Structures

2. Expository Text that explains, describes, or informs. It provides factual information about a topic.

3. Expository Texts include: text books, cook books, non-fiction books, newspaper & magazine articles, directions, essays, speeches, user manuals (how-to guides), government documents (such as the driver’s license test booklet).

4. Descriptive The author lists characteristics, features, and examples to describe a subject. Clue words for description include for example, characteristics, one reason, and another reason Bats Have wings They fly sleep in daytime hang upside down different kinds they are mammals use soundwaves eat insects

5. Descriptive paragraphs In this kind of paragraph, the author offers a main idea statement, and then supports that statement with several details

6. Descriptive paragraphs The pond was a beautiful place to visit. The falling leaves, all different colors, decorated the surface of the water. At the edges of the pond, small wildflowers grew. The golden forest glowed faintly in the distance.

7. Descriptive paragraphs The pond was a beautiful place to visit. The falling leaves, all different colors, decorated the surface of the water. At the edges of the pond, small wildflowers grew. The golden forest glowed faintly in the distance. Main idea

8. Descriptive paragraphs The pond was a beautiful place to visit. The falling leaves, all different colors, decorated the surface of the water. At the edges of the pond, small wildflowers grew. The golden forest glowed faintly in the distance. Main idea All of the other sentences explain why the main idea is true

9. Chronological Order Information is organized by time or date. The author lists items or events in numerical or chronological order. Olympics began in 276 B.C. Olympics ended in 394 A.D. Modern Olympics began in 1896 Almost 300 males competed in the 1896 Olympics

10. Chronological Order Through the ages, Pennsylvania has seen many interesting events. The state was founded in 1681 by William Penn. Later, Pennsylvania was the site of important Revolutionary War battles. After that, Pennsylvania was home to new factories during the Industrial Revolution. Today, Pennsylvania continues to make history.

11. Chronological order Through the ages, Pennsylvania has seen many interesting events. The state was founded in 1681 by William Penn. Later, Pennsylvania was the site of important Revolutionary War battles. After that, Pennsylvania was home to new factories during the Industrial Revolution. Today, Pennsylvania continues to make history. Can you find the clue words that show this order?

12. Compare and Contrast The author explains how two or more things are alike or different. Clue words include different, in contrast, alike, same as, or on the other hand. Summer and Winter seasons – sun shines sports are played no snow warmer temperatures flowers baby animals Easter & 4 th of July snow colder temperatures no flowers blooming bears hibernate Christmas & New Years

13. Compare and contrast clue words When authors use the text structure of compare and contrast, they often use special clue words to show this text structure. Can you find the clue words in the paragraph?

14. Can you find the clue words? The cardinal and the cedar waxwing are two common birds. Both have crests on their heads. Both are common at birdfeeders. But the birds have some differences. The male cardinal is a bright red, while the waxwing is brown. The cedar waxwing often migrates from place to place. On the other hand, the cardinal stays in one place year after year.

15. Here they are! The cardinal and the cedar waxwing are two common birds. Both have crests on their heads. Both are common at birdfeeders. But the birds have some differences. The male cardinal is a bright red, while the waxwing is brown. The cedar waxwing often migrates from place to place. On the other hand, the cardinal stays in one place year after year.

16. Cause and Effect The author explains one or more causes and the resulting effect or effects. Clue words are: reasons why, if, then, as a result, therefore, and because.

17. Cause and effect clue words When authors write paragraphs to show causes and effects, they use words like cause, effect, as a result, consequently, and so

18. Can you find the clue words? The night’s snowstorm had many effects. People were out shoveling snow from their sidewalks. The power lines were draped with ice. Snow plows drove down every street. Children were the happiest of all. The unexpected snow caused school to be cancelled!

19. Here they are! The night’s snowstorm had many effects. People were out shoveling snow from their sidewalks. The power lines were draped with ice. Snow plows drove down every street. Children were the happiest of all. The unexpected snow caused school to be cancelled!

20. For example, a weatherman would use expository text to explain the causes and consequences of the weather, drawing examples from various sources to illustrate (to show) his points, perhaps even including a graph/map or some photographs. Radar Map Precipitation Map

21. More with cause and effect Baby painted turtles spend all winter in their nests. They have special chemicals in their blood that can keep their blood from freezing. As a result, baby painted turtles can survive freezing temperatures!

22. More with cause and effect Baby painted turtles spend all winter in their nests. They have special chemicals in their blood that can keep their blood from freezing. As a result, baby painted turtles can survive freezing temperatures! This is the cause

23. More with cause and effect Baby painted turtles spend all winter in their nests. They have special chemicals in their blood that can keep their blood from freezing. As a result, baby painted turtles can survive freezing temperatures! This is the effect

24. Problem and Solution The author states a problem or difficulty and lists one or more solutions or answers for the problem. Clue words are: problem is, dilemma is, puzzle is, solve, question, difficult, and answer.

25. An example of problem and solution Park School had a terrible problem. Every day at recess, students would argue over the slides. Teachers had to spend time every day taking care of the arguments. Finally, one teacher came up with a great solution. They bought another set of slides that everyone could enjoy.

26. An example of problem and solution Park School had a terrible problem. Every day at recess, students would argue over the slides. Teachers had to spend time every day taking care of the arguments. Finally, one teacher came up with a great solution. They bought another set of slides that everyone could enjoy. Can you find the problem and the solution in this paragraph?

27. An example of problem and solution Park School had a terrible problem. Every day at recess, students would argue over the slides. Teachers had to spend time every day taking care of the arguments. Finally, one teacher came up with a great solution. They bought another set of slides that everyone could enjoy. Here is the problem

28. An example of problem and solution Park School had a terrible problem. Every day at recess, students would argue over the slides. Teachers had to spend time every day taking care of the arguments. Finally, one teacher came up with a great solution. They bought another set of slides that everyone could enjoy. Here is the problem Here is the solution

29. Of course, problem and solution is not always so simple Often, authors will signal problem and solution structure with clue words like problem and solution, just like in the last paragraph Sometimes, authors will use related words

30. Of course, problem and solution is not always so simple Synonyms for problem include difficulty, struggle, uncertainty, worry, threat, and trouble Synonyms for solution include possibility, hope, bright spot, answer, and future

31. A more difficult problem and solution paragraph The Chesapeake Bay faces an uncertain future. Issues such as pesticides, too many nutrients, and habitat loss all threaten the Bay’s water quality and animal life. However, scientists are hopeful that the future may be brighter. If everyone in the Chesapeake Bay watershed works together, solutions may be found.

32. A more difficult problem and solution paragraph The Chesapeake Bay faces an uncertain future. Issues such as pesticides, too many nutrients, and habitat loss all threaten the Bay’s water quality and animal life. However, scientists are hopeful that the future may be brighter. If everyone in the Chesapeake Bay watershed works together, solutions may be found. What is the problem? What is the solution?

33. A more difficult problem and solution paragraph The Chesapeake Bay faces an uncertain future. Issues such as pesticides, too many nutrients, and habitat loss all threaten the Bay’s water quality and animal life. However, scientists are hopeful that the future may be brighter. If everyone in the Chesapeake Bay watershed works together, solutions may be found. Problem Solution

34. Sequence/Process Explains how something happens or is done, step by step. Clue words include first, second, third, next, then and finally.

35. Sequence/Process You will often see sequence/process in directions: Have you ever made macaroni and cheese? It’s simple! First, boil some water and make some macaroni. Then, make your cheese sauce. After the cheese sauce is ready, mix it with the macaroni. Bake the entire thing in the oven. Finally, it’s time to eat! What are the clue words?

36. Sequence/Process You will often see sequence/process in directions: Have you ever made macaroni and cheese? It’s simple! First, boil some water and make some macaroni. Then, make your cheese sauce. After the cheese sauce is ready, mix it with the macaroni. Bake the entire thing in the oven. Finally, it’s time to eat!

37. Sequence/Process

38. Text Features http://www.slideshare.net/Teranden/text- features-powerpoint http://www.slideshare.net/Teranden/text- features-powerpoint

39. Additional Text Structure Review https://prezi.com/nfykizlhc1w5/expository- text/?utm_campaign=share&utm_medium=cop y