1. Global prioritization for conservation Protected Area Planning and Management Mobile Seminar Costa Rica June 2008 Miguel A. Morales Conservación Internacional (CI)

2. 0 1,000,000,000 2,000,000,000 3,000,000,000 4,000,000,000 5,000,000,000 6,000,000,000 7,000,000,000 0500100015002000 year from 1.65 billon a 6 billon people in the 20 th Century poblacion Global biodiversity status

3. Source: Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005) Larger population = Greater demand for resources

4. Current species extinction rate 100 – 1000 higher than the “normal” rate Since 1.500, about 800 species has gone extinct, according to the IUCN Species Red List

5. Source: The 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (www.iucnredlist.org) Currently, about 16.118 species of plants and animals are threatened One of 8 bird species One of 4 mammal species One of 3 amphibian species

6. Global Biodiversity

8. Amphibian richness Global Amphibian Assessment, 2006

9. Species richness: mammals, amphibians and birds

14. Olson et. al. BioScience November 2001 / Vol. 51 No. 11 Terrestrial ecoregions within 14 biomes and 8 biogeographic regions

15. Olson et. al. BioScience November 2001 / Vol. 51 No. 11 867 distinctive ecoregions

16. WWF Global 200 Mammal species richness Olson et. al. BioScience November 2001 / Vol. 51 No. 11

17. WWF Global 200 Olson et. al. BioScience November 2001 / Vol. 51 No. 11 Mammal species endemism

18. WWF Global 200 WWF identified ecoregions with exceptional levels of species richness and high levels of endemism

19. High endemism and high threat (>86% original cover is lost) 34 Hotspots representing 2.3% of earth’s land 50% of all plants and 42% of vertebrate species live in these Hotspots 75% of the most endangered species in the world (mammals, birds, and amphibians) Mittermeier et al. (2004) Hotspots Revisited. CEMEX CI Biodiversity Hotspots

20. CI High-Biodiversity Wilderness Areas High endemism (>1,500 species and plants are endemic) Low threat (<30% original cover lost) 5 HBWAs, covering 6.1% of earth’s surface 17% of plants, 8% of terrestrial mammals only found here Mittermeier et al. (2004) Hotspots Revisited. CEMEX

21. WSC Human Footprint Sanderson et al. - BioScience - October 2002 / Vol. 52 No. 10

22. WSC The Last of the Wild Sanderson et al. - BioScience - October 2002 / Vol. 52 No. 10

23. UNEP/World Conservation Monitoring Centre Megadiverse countries 1. Australia 2. Brasil 3. China 4. Colombia 5. Republica Democrática del Congo 6. Ecuador 7. India 8. Indonesia 9. Madagascar 10. Malasia 11. México 12. Papua New Guinea 13. Perú 14. Filipinas 15. Sudáfrica 16. USA 17. Venezuela Fotos obtenidas del Internet

24. Smithsonian Institute (SI) Centers of plant diversity in the America http://www.nmnh.si.edu/botany/projects/cpd/index.htm