1. Militarism and World War I

2. Militarism Definition: the glorification of armed strength There was a belief that international problems could be solved through force (i.e. Prussia) In the late 1800s European nations built large armies –One nation would mobilize – ready army and other resources for combat –Other nations would do the same to “keep up”

3. Militarism (continued) Armies grew larger as each nation did not want to be weaker than its enemies Spending for weapons and fortification of national boundaries multiplied

4. Military Preparedness Large portion of population received military training Stockpiles of weapons being created to prepare for conflict  escalation of arms race Larger amounts of national treasuries were being directed towards military expenditures

5. What does militarism mean? a)Having a big armyHaving a big army b)Glorification of armed strengthGlorification of armed strength c)Military training for a country’s populationMilitary training for a country’s population d)Solving problems by forceSolving problems by force

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8. Alliances 3 Emperor’s League – secret agreement of neutrality between France, Austria- Hungary, and Russia –Persuaded Italy to align with Germany and Austria-Hungary Triple Alliance – Germany, Austria- Hungary, Italy –Isolated France

9. Alliances (continued) 3 Emperor’s League ended  Russia and Austria were rivals Otto von Bismarck created Reinsurance Treaty – neutrality w/ Russia again Great Britain and Russia recognize each others sphere’s of influence and form an alliance Triple Entente – Britain, Russia, France

10. Alliances (continued) Central Powers – Germany, Austria- Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire Allied Powers – France, Russia, Britain, Italy, and their allies (included U.S.)

11. What was the agreement for the 3 Emperor’s League? a)Protect each other if attackedProtect each other if attacked b)Help each other build armsHelp each other build arms c)NeutralityNeutrality d)Loan each other money in crisesLoan each other money in crises

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14. Britain, Russia, France and their allies formed what alliance? a)Triple EntenteTriple Entente b)Central PowersCentral Powers c)Triple AllianceTriple Alliance d)Allied PowersAllied Powers

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17. Causes of World War I Serbia wanted to increase size by annexing Bosnia-Herzegovina –Russia supported Serbia Pan-Slavism – political and cultural unity of all Slavs under Russian leadership Heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary, Archduke Francis Ferdinand assassinated by a Serbian nationalist ***“spark” that started WWI*** Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia

18. Causes of World War I (continued) Russia backs Serbia and mobilizes troops to Austro-Hungarian border Germany issues ultimatum on Russia to retreat –Germany declares war on Russia –Afraid that France would side with Russia, Germany declares war on France Britain declares war on Germany after Germany invaded Belgium

19. What can be considered the “spark” that lead to WWI? a)Serbia’s desire for Bosnia-HerzegovinaSerbia’s desire for Bosnia-Herzegovina b)Russia mobilizing troops to Austro- Hungarian borderRussia mobilizing troops to Austro- Hungarian border c)Germany’s ultimatum on RussiaGermany’s ultimatum on Russia d)Assassination of Archduke Francis FerdinandAssassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand

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22. Innovations of Warfare Machine gun – lead to trench warfare to avoid rapid fire Tank – British invention, allowed them to tear through barbed wire Airplane – used to observe troop movements –Sometimes used for dogfights and bombings

23. Innovations of Warfare (continued) Submarines – Germans used U-Boats (underwater boat) Poison gas – used by Germans Total war – nation turns all resources to aid war effort Propaganda – ideas, facts, rumors spread deliberately to further one’s cause or damage an opponent

25. Wilson’s 14 Points General Points – 1. no secret treaties 2. freedom of seas for all nations 3. removal of all econ. barriers & tariffs 4. reduction of arms 5. fair adjustment of all colonial territories 14. establishment of a “general assoc. of nations”

26. Treaty of Versailles Big 4 – Wilson (US), George (UK), Orlando (Italy), Clemenceau (France) Territorial adjustments on Germany –Left economy vulnerable Restricted German army to 100,000, navy to 15,000

27. Discussion Question In what ways was World War I inevitable? Write down your thoughts and ideas to share with the class!!!