1. IPM Integrated Pest Management John Royals Instructor Turfgrass Management Technology Central Piedmont Community College

2. The optimization of pest population management in an economically and ecologically sound manner through the use of multiple tactics compatible in keeping pest damage below the aesthetic level Definition IPM

3. Monitoring Cultural Regulatory Physical Chemical Tactics Used in IPM

4. Aesthetic Injury Level Defined as the lowest population density of pest that will cause unacceptable aesthetic changes

5. Aesthetic injury level can vary depending on the value of the turf area Highway right of ways Home lawns Sports fields Golf putting greens

6. Developing a IPM program

7. Step 1 Identify key pest Weeds Insects Diseases

8. Key Weeds in Tall Fescue Crabgrass Bermuda grass Dallisgrass Assorted broad leaf weeds

9. Crabgrass

10. Bermuda Grass

11. Dallisgrass

13. Key Insects in Tall Fescue Grubs Fall Army Worms

16. Key Diseases in Tall Fescue Brown Patch Gray Leaf Spot

21. Step 2 Define the turfgrass Management Unit- the turf ecosystem

22. The turfgrass management unit A single lawn Golf course Southeastern USA Size of turfgrass management unit depends on the mobility of the pest and its dispersal potential

23. Step 3 Develop reliable monitoring techniques

24. Monitoring depends on our ability to accurately identify turf pest and measure the amount of potential loss that can be caused by each Scouting must be done on a regular bases for weeds, insects, and diseases

25. Step 4 Establish aesthetic thresholds

26. Thresholds level can vary By level of maintenance (low, medium, or high) Turfgrass grown Type of pest present You must also consider Budget restrictions Availability of water Fertilizer Pesticides And other cultural materials or equipment

27. Step 5 Develop descriptive and predictive models of what pest are most likely to occur, when the are expected to appear or become active, and the amount of damage they can cause

28. To develop a model for a pest we must know the: Biology of the pest Ecology of the pest Epidemiology of the pest

29. JAN-FEB: Grub in winter cell. MAR-APR: Grub comes up near surface to feed. MAY: Grub forms cell and prepares to pupate. JUNE: Grub changes to pupa and then to adult, which emerges from ground. JULY: Beetle lays eggs in ground, preferably in grass sod. AUG: Eggs hatch. Young feed on living roots of plants. SEP-OCT: Grubs continue to feed and grow rapidly. Injury to roots of plants is most common at this time. NOV-DEC: Grubs are mostly full grown and go to depths 4 to 8 inches below surface to pass winter in earthen cell Japanese Beetle

30. Time Disease Occurs Brown Patch Brown Patch Pressure On Tall Fescue

31. Weed Life Cycles Annual Biannual Perennial

32. Step 6 Develop an effective and economical turf management strategy

33. Turf areas need to be uniform to minimize variation in response to the program Front yard or back yard Shaded areas Wet areas Different soil types Etc

34. Management Tactics

35. Regulatory

36. Genetic Selection and use of adapted turfgrass species and cultivars with naturally occurring resistance to insects and/or diseases Introduction of specific genes for resistance into a desirable turfgrass

37. Cultural Sanitation Proper establishment of turf area Mowing Fertilization Irrigation Cultivation Practices

38. Biological Living organisms that are natural antagonist, parasites, and predators Examples Bacillus popilliae (Milky disease) Endophytes

39. Physical Traps Surface and subsurface drainage Control traffic

40. Chemical Herbicides Fungicides Insecticides

41. Summary IPM : It is a systematic approach to managing pest, utilizing all control and monitoring methods

42. Summary continued Developing an IPM program Know your pests Define the turf area Be on the lookout (scouting) Establish damage thresholds Know when and where your pest are coming to visit Develop and implement a turf management plan

43. Questions ?