1. Organic Chemistry & Biochemistry Vocabulary Words Mrs. Lee

2. 2 Organic Compounds  They are complex molecules made by organisms containing carbon as their “backbone” & usually hydrogen. –Carbohydrates –Proteins –Lipids –Nucleic acids  The ability of carbon to bond to other elements, & to allow different arrangements of atoms contributes to the diversity of carbon compounds.  Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus & sulfur (CHNOPS) make up about 99% of the mass of all living organisms

3. 3 Organic Compounds (continued)

4. 4 Hydrocarbons  They are molecules composed of hydrogen & carbon.  They are important because they are the backbones of other organic compounds

5. 5 Hydrocarbons (continued)

6. 6 Amino Acids  They are the building blocks of proteins.  There are 20 different amino acids but they all have the same basic “backbone” structure.

7. 7 Amino Acids: (continued)

8. 8 Proteins  They are long chains of amino acid units that are the main molecules from which living things are constructed  They have many functions in the body: –Structural components –Transport aids –Enzymes –Cell signals –Etc.

9. 9 Proteins (continued)

10. 10 Proteins (continued)

11. 11 Lipids  They are organic molecules used to form cellular & organelle membranes, the sheaths surrounding nerve fibers, & certain hormones  They include fats, a long-term energy source  They are insoluable in water (repel water)  Examples: oils, butter, lard, etc.  They are not as easily metabolized as carbohydrates, yet they are a more effective means of storage. Example: 1 gram of fat provides 2 times the energy of 1 gram of carbohydrate

12. 12 Lipids (continued)

13. 13 Carbohydrates  The primary energy source for living things  Composed of: carbon, hydrogen, & oxygen  Serve as energy sources & provide structural support, as in the cell wall of plants  Member of a large class of chemical compounds that includes sugars, starches, cellulose & related compounds  They are produced naturally by green plants from carbon dioxide & water  As essential nutrients, they are the human body’s main source of both quick & sustained energy

14. 14 Carbohydrates: i.e. -- Glucose

15. 15 Starch  It plays a vital role in the biochemistry of both plants & animals  It is made in green plants by photosynthesis & is one of the main forms in which plants store food  Animals obtain starch from plants & store it as glycogen  Both plants & animals convert starch to glucose when energy is needed

16. 16 Starch (continued): i.e. --Amylose

17. 17 Nucleic Acids  They are large molecules comprised of nucleotides that carry the genetic code  They are found in the nucleus of the cell  Specifically they are: –DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) –RNA (ribonucleic acid)

18. 18 Nucleic Acids (continued): DNA

19. 19 Nucleic Acids (continued): RNA

20. 20 Nucleotide  The unit that makes up nucleic acid  Contains a nitrogen base, a phosphate group & a carbohydrate (sugar) molecule  The 4 possible nucleotide bases for DNA are: –Adenine –Guanine –Cytosine –Thymine  The 4 possible nucleotide bases for RNA are: –Adenine –Guanine –Cytosine –Uracil

21. 21 Nucleotide (continued)

22. 22 Chemical Formula  A combination of chemical symbols & numbers to represent a substance

23. 23 Chemical Formula (continued) 1)ButaneC 4 H 10 Used in portable lighters, home heating fuel, portable stoves & heaters 2)EthaneC2H6C2H6 Used to make ethyl alcohol, acetic acid, & other chemicals & also used as a refrigerant 3)MethaneCH 4 Used as a raw material for many synthetic products & as a major part of natural gas 4)PropaneC3H8C3H8 Use as a “bottled gas” for home heating, portable stoves & heaters & also as a refrigerant

24. 24 Structural Formula  A formula that indicates the location of the atoms, groups, or ions relative to one another in a molecule & that indicates the number & location of chemical bonds

25. 25 Structural Formula (continued)

26. 26 The End

27. 27 Bibliography  http://www.jp3d.net/school/drawings/Organic_Compounds. gif  http://www.icknield.beds.sch.uk/hydrocarbons.htm http://www.icknield.beds.sch.uk/hydrocarbons.htm  http://www.ebi.ac.uk/2can/biology/molecules_small.html http://www.ebi.ac.uk/2can/biology/molecules_small.html  http://www.thesolutionsite.com/lesson/20054 http://www.thesolutionsite.com/lesson/20054  http://www.lampstras.k12.pa.us/hschool/teachers/pitts/bio/u n7/oldun3 http://www.lampstras.k12.pa.us/hschool/teachers/pitts/bio/u n7/oldun3  http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~cleslie/cs4761/lectures- spr03.html http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~cleslie/cs4761/lectures- spr03.html  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbohydrate http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbohydrate  http://www.umanitoba.ca/Biology/lab2/biolab2_2.html http://www.umanitoba.ca/Biology/lab2/biolab2_2.html  http://www.l- spioneers.org/hschool/teachers/pitts/bio/un7/old/un3/starch.gif

28. 28 Bibliography (continued)  http://bio.winona.edu/bates/Bio241/Chapter_Outline_03.htm http://bio.winona.edu/bates/Bio241/Chapter_Outline_03.htm  http://www.edzone.net/fulton/home/hstaff/salogarg/chem/pr opylene/structuresformalasandpictures.html http://www.edzone.net/fulton/home/hstaff/salogarg/chem/pr opylene/structuresformalasandpictures.html  http://www.osha.gov/dts/sltc/methods/partial/pv2137/pv213 7.html http://www.osha.gov/dts/sltc/methods/partial/pv2137/pv213 7.html  http://www.tokyo-med.ac.jp/genet/cdi.htm http://www.tokyo-med.ac.jp/genet/cdi.htm  http://www.acmecompany.com/Pages/stock_science.html http://www.acmecompany.com/Pages/stock_science.html  http://academic.mu.edu/phys/buxtoni/DW/chembasislife_file s http://academic.mu.edu/phys/buxtoni/DW/chembasislife_file s  http://www.angelfire.com/az/smallandcute/animal.html http://www.angelfire.com/az/smallandcute/animal.html