1. 2/6/15 Objective: How does DNA build proteins (Transcription)?

2. What happens at the….

3. Protein - Made at the ribosomes - Made of sequences of amino acids (there are 20) - Examples: - Enzymes, hormones, receptors, antibodies - Function of a protein is determined by its structure

4. Importance of DNA in building a protein Has the code to determine the amino acid sequence It first has to be copied to RNA because it is too big to leave the nucleus

5. RNA Ribonucleic Acid Comparing DNA and RNA DNA # of strands: double stranded Sugar: deoxyribose Bases Used: A, T, C, G RNA # of strands: single stranded Sugar: ribose Bases Used: A, U, C, G

6. Transcription Transcribe = to copy - Helicase unwinds DNA - RNA polymerase adds RNA nucleotides - Template strand of DNA is written into RNA Each circle in the protein represents one amino acid

7. mRNA - mRNA(messenger RNA): a molecule of RNA that will be sent to the ribosome to build a protein Each circle in the protein represents one amino acid

8. Exons: coding sequences Introns: noncoding sequences (junk DNA) RNA splicing: coding sequences are cut out and put together forming RNA strand

9. Transcribe this sequence of DNA into RNA ATTCGGAACATTCGGAAC http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ztPkv7w c3yU&feature=related

10. DNA- AAGCCTCCA Practice more: RNA: CCGGUUAAG UGACCGAUU AGUAGACCC

11. RNA- UUCAGAGGU Amino acid sequence= Phe-Arg- Gly Practice more: RNA: CCGGUUAAG UGACCGAUU AGUAGACCC

12. Activity-Amino Acid Bingo Separate a piece of paper into a 4 X 4 grid- 4 boxes across and 4 boxes down. Write the name of one amino acid in each box. Listen to the RNA codon. Look at the chart and cross off the corresponding amino acid. Four across, down or diagonal is amino acid bingo.

13. Phenylalanine Histidine LeucineGlutamine IsoleucineAsparagine MethionineStop ValineLysine SerineAspartic acid ProlineGlutamic acid ThreonineCysteine AlanineTryptophan TyrosineArginine Glycine **You will have 1 free space and 3 repeats

14. DNA and proteins Every three bases (codon) in a DNA molecule, corresponds to one amino acid. First DNA must be transcribed into RNA using the following rules: C=G G=C T=A A=U********** Practice: DNA: ATCGGTAGCDNA: TGCCAGTAG RNA: UAGCCAUCGRNA: ACGGUCAUC