1. 1 Approaches for the development and dissemination of improved pro-poor technology Kevin.Gallagher@fao.org

2. 2 The Road Map Un-organized individuals Local markets Hunger periods Malnutrition Low economic growth Commercial operations Diversified markets Food/livelihood secure Growing income Where are you going? Organized groups New markets Food secure Better income Better skills/knowledge Few markets New income

3. 3 The Lowlands Research Gold Mine Gulch (Golden Resource) Action and Applied Research Loop (Immediate input) Traditional Technology Transfer Valley Radio/TV

4. 4 Getting over the first hills Extension Foothills Getting organized Building confidence and trust Building skills and knowledge Community Pathways Field Visits/Workshops Innovative Farmer Study Circles Farmer Field Schools Action Research Radio/TV

5. 5 Community Pathways TT+ Screening varieties, composting, side dressing, demonstrations by farmers FtF/FV Farmer innovations show and tell; field visits SG Book keeping, cultural surveys FFS IPPM, dairy, poultry, processing – management issues; counter-intuitive (e.g. secondary pest, OM) - testing FFS+ Technical plus health, nutrition, literacy PAR Participatory action research; testing locally new methods/varieties; improving agronomic practices; (CIAL)

6. 6 Farmer Field School: Structured group based learning ObservationAnalysis Presentation Synthesis/Debate More info: www.farmerfieldschool.info

7. 7 Scaling Out/Up Local Loop Farmer led FFS Farmer to Farmer Farmer technicians Direct Pass (Do more community pathways)

8. 8 Field Schools can become Self- financed through educational loans Ed loan fund FFS Sets up field study (inputs, land, labour, stationary) proposal Ed loan Finances facilitators Sells produce to build own fund and pay loan

9. 9 Final Climb Beyond Extension Mountains Legalized Marketing Groups Cooperatives and Companies FFS Networks Business incubators Board Training Radio/TV

10. 10 Indicators Research Useful practical outputs used by extension/farmers Tech Transfer Income change Tech adoption Local adaptation Community action Income/Livelihood Asset Change Technical skills Community organizational capacity Scaling up Total change Cost effectiveness Commercial Business Income Taxes Ownership/Livelihoods

11. 11 The Road Map Un-organized individuals Local markets Hunger periods Malnutrition Low economic growth Commercial operations Diversified markets Food/livelihood secure Growing income Where are you going? Organized groups New markets Food secure Better income Better skills/knowledge Few markets New income

12. 12 Thank you