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Joint classifications:

Published byMarian Lindsey Modified over 8 years ago

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Presentation on theme: "Joint classifications:"— Presentation transcript:

1 Joint classifications:
by function: Synarthroses Amphiarthroses Diarthroses by structure: Fibrous (sutures, syndesmoses, gomphoses) Cartilaginous (synchondroses, symphyses) Synovial

2 Fibrous joints 1. Suture: Thin fibrous layer Synarthrotic Ossifies in adults = synotosis 2. Syndesmosis Substantial fibrous layer Ampiarthrotic Distal tibiofibular,

3 3. Gomphosis Periodontal ligament Cone shape peg in socket synarthrotic

4 Cartilaginous joints:
1. Synchondrosis Hyaline cartilage Synarthrotic or amphiarthrotic Epiphyseal plates, sternocostal joints 2. Symphysis Fibrocartilage disc Amphiarthrotic Intervertrbral joints

5 Synovial joints Diarthrotic Articular capsule Synovial membrane Articular cartilage Accessory structures Extracapsular L Intracapsular L Menisci Bursae

6 Synovial joint types Planar (gliding) Nonaxial Flat surfaces mostly Hinge Monaxial Movements flexion extension hyperextension

7 Pivot Monaxial Rotation Proximal radioulnar joint supination pronation Condyloid Oval-shaped process into oval depression Biaxial Flex/extend Abduct/adduct Examples wrist metacarpophalangeal joints for digits 2 to 5

8 Saddle Biaxial Circumduction Opposition Trapezium & 1st metacarpal Ball and Socket Triaxial flexion/extension abduction/adduction rotation Shoulder joint Hip joint

9 Synovial joint structural integrity factors:
fit of articulating bones strength of joint ligaments muscle tension Factors influencing synovial joint ROM: ligament tension opposition of soft body parts

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17 Ankle articulations medial - tibiotalar lateral - talofibular **Distal tibiofibular Foot articulations intertarsal tarsometatarsal metatarsophalangeal (MP) interphalangeal

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19 Applications to health
1. Rheumatism – pain in supporting structures 2. Arthritis – a form of rheumatism w/ inflammation a. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) - autoimmune disease - bilateral - strikes small joints first - attacks cartilage and joint linings - inflammation of synovial membrane - thickens, fluid volume grows - pain, swelling - pannus, granulated tissue emerges - cartilage destroyed, fibrous tissue joins bones and ossifies - immobility

20 b. Osteoarthritis (OA) - degenerative joint disease - unilateral - strikes large weight bearing joints first - non-inflammatory, progressive - articular cartilage destroyed - exposed bone generates spurs, restrict motion c. Gouty arthritis (GA) - Gout: excess uric acid + sodium = sodium urate - in GA sodium urate collects joints - erodes cartilage, pain, swelling, inflammation - can destroy all joint tissue - fusion and immobility

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