1. MOVEMENT HOW DO YOU GET YOUR INFORMATION? HOW DO YOU MOVE AROUND? HOW DO PEOPLE, IDEAS, GOODS OR THINGS MOVE FROM PLACE TO PLACE?

2. Connectedness Diffusion: the process of dissemination, the spread of an idea or innovation from its hearth (origin) to other areas. What slows/prevents diffusion? - time-distance decay - cultural barriers -transportation/communication barriers

3. Types of Diffusion Expansion Diffusion – idea or innovation spreads outward from the hearth Contagious – widespread to most people Hierarchical – spread of idea from nodes of authority or power to other people or places Stimulus – spread of underlying principal but with some adaptations Relocation Diffusion – movement of individuals who carry an idea with them

4. BARRIERS TO DIFFUSION TIME and DISTANCE DECAY – farther from the source & the more time it takes, the less likely innovation adopted CULTURAL BARRIERS – some practices, ideas, innovations are not acceptable/adoptable in a particular culture – e.g. pork, alcohol, contraceptives… PHYSICAL BARRIERS – physical barriers on the surface may prohibit/inhibit adoption

5. Examples of Hierarchical Diffusion AIDS is typically viewed as hierarchical because if its historically distinctive URBAN to URBAN diffusion pattern Political ideas Fashion is also viewed as hierarchical. Why?

6. Expansion Diffusion Stimulus Diffusion – the spread of an underlying principle even though the characteristic itself does not spread. »OR Stimulus Diffusion - involves the transfer of an underlying concept or idea, without the specific accompanying traits due to some cultural or other barrier to the movement of the idea

8. Other Types of Diffusion Relocation diffusion – movement of individuals who carry an idea or innovation with them to a new, perhaps distant locale. Can include languages, religions, and ethnicities. Photo credit: A.B. MurphyPhoto credit: H.J. de Blij Kenya Paris, France

9. Migrant Diffusion (a form of Relocation Diffusion) Migrant Diffusion is when an innovation originates and enjoys strong, but brief, adoption there. The innovation may travel long distances (& be thriving), but could be faded out back at the point of origination – e.g. influenza in China will reach the U.S., but the epidemic could be over in China by the time it takes hold in the U.S.