2. 1/28 Focus: 1/28 Focus: – Kings began to gain more power and centralize power during the high middle ages – England was one of the first countries in Europe to develop a strong central monarchy Do Now: Do Now: – What was one characteristic of life in Western Europe during the early Middle Ages?

3. Middle Ages The High Middle Ages

4. After the fall of Rome Western Europe entered into the Dark Ages – lack of central authority – Decline of education and learning – Decline in trade and commerce – Development of Feudalism and the Manorial System

6. The High Middle Ages Between 1000 & 1500 Western Europe began to emerge from the Dark Ages

7. Popes and Kings During the early middle ages nobles and their knights held a great deal of power – Over time power shifted to kings and the Pope Powerful kings came into power in England and France

9. England Angles and Saxons had invaded England in the 400’s Divided into separate kingdoms – Each had their own laws and customs

10. England England was subject to frequent invasions from Vikings Alfred the Great – Saxon king – unites England after stopping Viking advances

11. England 1066 Alfred’s descendent King Edward dies without an heir 2 people claim the throne – Harold Godwinson Son of one of Edward’s advisors – William of Normandy Normandy was in France Claimed he had been promised the throne by Godwinson

12. Battle of Hastings Conflict breaks over who should be king William wins the battle and becomes King of England – Harold Godwinson is killed in battle Shot through the eye with in an arrow

17. William the Conqueror William begins to centralize power – Claims all land in England as his property Gave land to his supporters

18. William the Conqueror Domesday Book – A survey of people living in England, what they owned, and how much they could pay in taxes – was used to create an efficient tax system

19. The Magna Carta William’s descendants had begun to abuse their power King John – Had lost most of the English lands in France in a expensive war – Began to raise to taxes on nobles – Nobles were angered by his confiscation of lands and high taxes – Raised an army and forced King John to sign the Magna Carta in 1215

20. The Magna Carta Document which limited the power of the king – Means “Great Charter” Laid the groundwork for “democracy” in Europe Established the British Parliament

21. The Magna Carta Basic principles: – King could not raise taxes without the approval of a council of nobles and clergy Later became the British Parliament – King could not arrest people without cause or take property without just cause Habeas Corpus – Had to be convicted by a jury to be sent to jail – The King had to obey the law; was not above the law

22. Closure Identify one way William the conqueror established control of England. What was the purpose of the Domesday Book? Explain how the Magna Carta limited the power of the king?