1. Chapter 6 “In the Mood” : The Swing Era, 1935-1945

2. Chapter 6 (outline) Swing Music and American Culture Benny Goodman: “The King of Swing” Duke Ellington in the Swing Era Kansas City Swing: Count Basie Superstar of Swing: Glenn Miller Country Music in the Swing Era: Roy Acuff, Singing Cowboys, and Western Swing Latin Music in the Swing Era ASCAP, the AFM, and the Decline of the Big Bands

3. Glenn Miller (1904-1944?) Most successful band (commercial, 1939-44) Disciplined arrangements Lost in WW II Exs. - Moonlight Serenade - The Glenn Miller Orchestra ("In The Digital Mood" version) (in HD) (GM’s theme song) - Glenn Miller - Chattanooga Choo Choo - Sun Valley Serenade (1941) HQ – YouTube - Glenn Miller - In The Mood [HQ] – YouTube (textbook, p. 173-4)Moonlight Serenade - The Glenn Miller Orchestra ("In The Digital Mood" version) (in HD)Glenn Miller - Chattanooga Choo Choo - Sun Valley Serenade (1941) HQ – YouTubeGlenn Miller - In The Mood [HQ] – YouTube

4. “Duke” Ellington (1899-1974) Cotton Club (1926-31) Touring from 1931 on - never disbands Eclipsed in popularity by others Ellington as Composer - long-term stability in band - interest in small groups - Billy Strayhorn (co-arranger) “Beyond category” Exs. - “Caravan” Duke Ellington - Caravan – YouTube (Textbook LG, p. 169-70) -“Take the ‘A’ Train” Duke Ellington Orchestra "Take The A Train" 1943 - YouTubeDuke Ellington - Caravan – YouTubeDuke Ellington Orchestra "Take The A Train" 1943 - YouTube “Fate is being kind to me. Fate doesn't want me to be famous too young.” - declining Pulitzer Prize in 1965 (awarded posthumously in 1999)

5. Country Music Expanding markets in the Swing Era (1935-45) Southerners moving north (urban industries) Growth of non-Southern audiences - Clear channel radio (50,000 watt signals) - BMI (see next slide) - World War II (“Victory Discs”) General decline of Big Bands (war shortages)

6. Music Licensing American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers (ASCAP, founded 1914) - Controlled 90% of Tin Pan Alley songs - demanding higher fees from radio Broadcast Music Inc (BMI) - founded by radio broadcasters - open door policy for all songwriters “Petrillo Ban” – no new recordings (1942-3) (American Federation of Musicians) New Agreements (& unemployed musicians)

7. Roy Acuff (1903-1992) Singer, Fiddler, Promoter 1 st appearances – mid-1930s National Figure by 1940s - Opry “King of Country Music” WW II Japanese : “…to hell with Roosevelt, Babe Ruth, Roy Acuff…” Acuff-Rose Publishing - founded 1942 for own music - becomes THE leading music publisher for all performers Exs. - Roy Acuff - Great Speckled bird – YouTube (textbook, pp. 179) - Roy Acuff - Wabash Cannonball - Grand Ole Opry Classics - YouTubeRoy Acuff - Great Speckled bird – YouTubeRoy Acuff - Wabash Cannonball - Grand Ole Opry Classics - YouTube

8. Singing Cowboys “Westerns” replace “hillbillies” Gene Autry as first media “cowboy” (radio, movies, TV, recordings, etc.) Movie Career - Springtime in the Rockies Gene Autry - Western Movies Full Length (5:40, 20:30, 24:15, 27:00, 37:20, 40:55, 54:15) Springtime in the Rockies Gene Autry - Western Movies Full Length “American” values: freedom, integrity, wholesomeness, etc. Gene Autry's Cowboy Code Gene Autry's Cowboy Code Popular songs (Exs.) - Gene Autry - Back in the Saddle Again (from Back in the Saddle 1941) (signature song) - Gene Autry - Here Comes Santa Claus (1947) – YouTube (1947: # 5 Country, # 9 Pop) - Gene Autry - Rudolph The Red Nosed Reindeer 1949 The Pinafores (# 1 – Christmas 1949)Gene Autry - Back in the Saddle Again (from Back in the Saddle 1941)Gene Autry - Here Comes Santa Claus (1947) – YouTubeGene Autry - Rudolph The Red Nosed Reindeer 1949 The Pinafores Gene Autry (1907-1988) “The Singing Cowboy”

9. More Singing Cowboys Leonard Slye (“Roy Rogers”) Strong Marketing - Radio, Movies, TV, etc. - Restaurants, toys, etc. EX Movie: Grand Canyon Trail (Roy Rogers) complete western movies full length watch free online – YouTube (song at 51:00)Grand Canyon Trail (Roy Rogers) complete western movies full length watch free online – YouTube Ex Song. ROY ROGERS, DALE EVANS, SONS OF THE PIONEERS: The Place Where I Worship & Happy Trails 1962 - YouTube ROY ROGERS, DALE EVANS, SONS OF THE PIONEERS: The Place Where I Worship & Happy Trails 1962 - YouTube “King of the Cowboys” Sons of the Pioneers (1934) (vocal harmony) Ex. Sons Of The Pioneers - Cool Clear Water - Vintage 78rpm Gramophone – YouTube (text book, p. 181)Sons Of The Pioneers - Cool Clear Water - Vintage 78rpm Gramophone – YouTube “Roy Rogers” (1911-1998)

10. Bob Wills (1905-1975) Texas fiddler (musical family) Cotton farm (w/ black friends) Medicine shows, minstrelsy, etc. “Light Crust Doughboys” - String band, but more…. “Texas Playboys” (OK City) - adds horns and drums - swings the beat (dance band) “WESTERN SWING” Exs. Bob Wills & His Texas Playboys - New San Antonio Rose (1940) – YouTube (text book, p. 183) - Ida Red - YouTube Bob Wills & His Texas Playboys - New San Antonio Rose (1940) – YouTubeIda Red - YouTube