1. Some activities cannot be performed by only one person, but need
a team of people. What type of activity requires a team of people to
work together in order to complete a task?
Answers might include building a human pyramid or constructing
an arch out of blocks.
2. What do you think are some characteristics of a successful team?
Divide up jobs and cooperate well with one another.
3. How is a multicellular organism similar to a successful team?
The functions of the organism are divided up among its parts (organs and organ systems). All the parts cooperate to carry out all the functions of the whole organism.

2. Chapter 7-2 & 7-3 Cell Structure and Function
Ribosome (attached)
Nucleolus
Ribosome (free)
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Nuclear envelope
Mitochondrion
Smooth
endoplasmic
reticulum
Rough
endoplasmic
reticulum
Centrioles
Golgi apparatus
Image from: © Pearson Education Inc, Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall; All rights reserved

3. Section Outline 7–2 Cell Structure I. Animal cells A. Cell Membrane
B. Nucleus
C. Cytoskeleton
D. Centrioles
E. Mitochondria
F. Endoplasmic Reticulum
G. Ribosomes
H. Golgi Apparatus
F. Lysosomes
II. Plant cells
A. Cell wall
B. Vacuoles
C. Chloroplasts
III. Bacteria

4. A CELL is . . . made of MOLECULES
Image from:
A CELL is made of MOLECULES
ATOMS
MOLECULES
ORGANELLES
_______  ___________ ___________

5. CELL THEORY CELL SIZE Cells life existing PLANT ANIMAL BACTERIA
1. All living things are made of _____________. 2. Cells are the basic unit of structure & function in an organism (= basic unit of __________) 3. New cells are produced from _________________ cells
Cells
life
existing
PLANT
ANIMAL
BACTERIA
___________ cells > _________ cells > _____________

6. CELL MEMBRANE (also called plasma membrane)
Cell membranes are made mainly of ________________ & __________________
PHOSPHOLIPIDS PROTEINS
Outside
of cell
Inside
(cytoplasm)
Cell
membrane
Proteins
Protein
channel
Lipid bilayer
Carbohydrate
chains
Image from: © Pearson Education Inc, Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall; All rights reserved

7. LIPID TAILS ARE HYDROPHOBIC
HYDROPHILIC 
HYDROPHOBIC 
Image by Riedell

8. Oil and water don’t mix!
Image from:

9. PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER SEE HOW MEMBRANES FORM
Image from:

10. CELL MEMBRANE PERIPHERAL INTEGRAL
Proteins that stick on the surface = _____________ (either inside or outside of cell)
Proteins that stick INTO membrane = ________________
(can go part way in or all the way through)
PERIPHERAL
INTEGRAL

11. GLYCOPROTEINS Recognize “self”
GLYCOPROTEINS are PROTEINS with carbohydrates attached
Image from:

12. 1.What are some things that can pass through a window screen?
Answers may include air, fine dust, and rainwater.
2.What are some things that cannot pass through a window screen?
Why is it important to keep these things from moving through
the screen?
Insects, leaves, and other matter that may fall from trees. The screen
keeps out annoying insects and objects that may bring dirt into the home.
3. The cell is surrounded by a cell membrane, which regulates what
enters and leaves the cell. Why is it important to regulate what moves
into and out of a cell?
Materials such as oxygen and food that are needed by the cell have to be able to get inside the cell. At the same time, excess materials have to leave the cell.

13. WHAT DOES IT DO? Acts as a boundary
Images from:
Acts as a boundary
Controls what enters and leaves cell

14. Cell membranes MOVE! Molecules in cell membranes are
Animation from:
Click here to See Fluidity
Molecules in cell membranes are
constantly moving and changing

15. CYTOPLASM (Between nucleus and cell membrane)
Image from:
Organelles suspended
in gel-like goo
ORGANELLE- small structure with a specific function (job)
Image from:

16. CELL MEMBRANE (PLASMA MEMBRANE)
phospholipids proteins
Made mainly of ____________________ and _________________
HYDROPHOBIC “tails” of phospholipids make molecules line up as
LIPID ________________ with POLAR heads facing _______ &
NON-POLAR tails facing ________
Proteins attached to surface (inside or outside)= _____________
Proteins stuck into membrane = ______________
(can go part way in or all the way through)
BILAYER
out in
Peripheral
Integral
OTHER MOLECULES:
GLYCOPROTEINS
(proteins with ___________attached)
STEROIDS (lipids)
“recognize
self”
sugars
SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE
Membranes are ____________________________________
(=Semi-permeable)
Allow certain molecules to pass through; but keep others out
cytoplasm
__________________ = gel-like material + organelles between
nucleus and cell membrane

17. NUCLEUS Largest organelle in animal cells
Image from:

18. NUCLEUS Surrounded by NUCLEAR ENVELOPE (also called NUCLEAR MEMBRANE)
DOUBLE MEMBRANE
Image from:

19. NUCLEUS
NUCLEAR PORES
Openings to allow molecules to move in and out of nucleus
Image from:

20. WHAT DOES IT DO? Contains genetic material (DNA) DNA is scrunched up
as CHROMOSOMES in dividing cells
DNA is spread out
as CHROMATIN in non-dividing cells

21. WHAT DOES IT DO? Control center of cell Genetic code tells the
Image from:
Genetic code tells the
cell’s parts what to do
Image from:

22. NUCLEOLUS Dark spot in nucleus = __________ NUCLEOLUS
Image from:
Dark spot in nucleus = __________
NUCLEOLUS
Makes RNA for ribosomes

23. NUCLEUS NUCLEOLUS DOUBLE ENVELOPE CONTROL PORES DNA RIBOSOMES
Surrounded by ______________ MEMBRANE called the NUCLEAR __________________
___________ CENTER OF CELL
Nuclear ___________ allow molecules in & out
CONTAINS GENETIC MATERIAL (_______)
Dark spot = NUCLEOLUS makes ___________________ (RNA)
ENVELOPE
CONTROL
PORES
DNA
RIBOSOMES
CHROMOSOMES
DNA is scrunched up as ______________
in dividing cells.
CHROMATIN
DNA is spread out as ________________
in non-dividing cells.

24. CYTOSKELETON Helps cell maintain shape Help move organelles around
Image from:
CYTOSKELETON
Helps cell maintain shape
Help move organelles around
Made of PROTEINS:
MICROFILAMENTS (Actin)
& MICROTUBULES (Tubulin)
Image from: © Pearson Education Inc, Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall; All rights reserved

25. MICROTUBULES MICROFILAMENTS
CYTOSKELETON
Made of PROTEINS called
______________ & _________________
FUNCTION: _________________________
___________________________________
MICROTUBULES MICROFILAMENTS
Helps cell maintain shape;
Support; Helps in movement

26. CENTRIOLES
Appear during cell division to pull chromosomes apart

27. CENTRIOLES/MITOTIC SPINDLE
Made of MICROTUBULES (Tubulin)
Image from:

28. CENTRIOLES Pull chromosomes apart; MICROTUBULES ANIMAL
Made of __________________________
Only seen in _______________ cells during cell division
Function:__________________________________
ANIMAL
Pull chromosomes apart;

29. MITOCHONDRION (plural=MITOCHONDRIA)
Look like “little sausages”
Image from:

30. MITOCHONDRIA Surrounded by a DOUBLE membrane Has its own DNA
Folded inner membrane increases surface area for more chemical
reactions
Image from:

31. MITOCHONDRIA Come from cytoplasm in EGG
You inherit your mitochondria from your mother!

32. WHAT DOES IT DO? “Powerplant of cell” Burns glucose to release energy
Images from:
“Powerplant of cell”
Burns glucose to
release energy
Stores energy as ATP
Image by: Riedell

33. MITOCHONDRION (pl. MITOCHONDRIA)
DOUBLE
Surrounded by _____________ membrane Contains its own ___________
_______________ of cell
Burns ____________
Stores energy released as ______
DNA
Power plant
GLUCOSE
ATP
Folded inner membrane = _________________
(increases surface area for more chemical reactions)
CRISTAE

34. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
Network of hollow membrane tubules
2 KINDS:
SMOOTH or ROUGH
Image from:

35. ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (Rough ER)
Animation from:
Makes membrane proteins and proteins for export out of cell
Image from:

36. ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER)
Has RIBOSOMES attached
Proteins are made on ribosomes and inserted into Rough ER to be modified and transported
Image from:

37. SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (smooth ER)
Image from:
Has NO ribosomes attached
Has enzymes for special tasks

38. SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (smooth ER)
Image from:
Makes membrane lipids (steroids)
Regulates calcium (muscle cells)
Destroys toxic substances (Liver)

39. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
Internal Network of membranes Rough ER: Attached ribosomes make _________________
which are modified and transported to Golgi for export
Smooth ER:
Makes membrane lipids(__________________) Regulates ________________ in muscles Breaks down _________________ in liver
PROTEINS
ROUGH ER SMOOTH ER
(with ribosomes) (no ribosomes)
STEROIDS
CALCIUM
TOXINS

40.  RIBOSOMES Made of PROTEINS and RNA
Protein factory for cell Join amino acids to make proteins 
Image by: RIedell
Image from:

41. RIBOSOMES Can be attached to Rough ER OR free in cytoplasm
Image from:
Can be attached to Rough ER OR
free in cytoplasm
Image from:

42. RIBOSOMES FREE ATTACHED Can be _________ or ___________ to Rough ER
MADE OF ______________ & ________
FUNCTION: _____________________
FREE ATTACHED
PROTEINS RNA
MAKE PROTEINS

43. GOLGI APPARATUS (BODY)
Image from:
Image from:
Pancake like membrane stacks
Modify, sort, & package
molecules from ER
for storage OR transport out of cell
Image from:

44. Animation from: http://www.franklincollege.edu/bioweb/A&Pfiles/week04.html
See a Golgi movie

45. GOLGI APPARATUS (BODY)
Looks like a “______________________”
Made of ______________________
FUNCTION: Modify, sort, & package substances
from ER for ______________ or
_______________ out of cell
stack of pancakes
membranes
storage
export

46. It’s ALL connected!

47. LYSOSOMES Digest food, unwanted molecules,
Animation from:
Membrane bound sacs that contain PROTEINS called digestive enzymes
Digest food, unwanted molecules,
old organelles, cells, bacteria, etc

48. LYSOSOMES See lysosomes in action:
Image modified from:

49. LYSOSOMES
Image from:

50. “PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH” = ______________________ APOPTOSIS
Lysosomes help
digest unwanted
cells

51. Apoptosis plays a role in: Embryonic development
Normal body cell maintenance Immune system responses
Cancer
AIDS infection
Transplant rejection

52. Digestive enzymes LYSOSOMES Sac containing _________________________
FUNCTION:
Digests __________________________________
Plays a role in ____________“Programmed cell death”
Cell suicide for the good of the organism
Digestive enzymes
food molecules & unwanted cells/cell parts;
APOPTOSIS

53. FLAGELLA & CILIA Made of PROTEINS called MICROTUBULES
(9 + 2 arrangement)
Image from:

54. FLAGELLA
Help in cell movement

55. CILIA
Animation from:
Move cell itself

56. CILIA Move substances past cells

57. CILIA FLAGELLA WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE? Many short Few Long
Animation from:
Few
Long

58. CILIA & FLAGELLA MICROTUBULES Made of PROTEINS called _______________
organized in a _________ arrangement
that help with ___________________
CILIA ________ & __________
FUNCTION: ______________________
FLAGELLA ______ & ________
FUNCTION: _________________
9 + 2
MOVEMENT
MANY SHORT
Move cells; move substances past cells
FEW LONG
Move cells

59. WHAT’S SPECIAL ABOUT PLANT CELLS?
Cell wall
HUGE vacuoles
Chloroplasts
No centrioles

60. CELL WALL Supports and protects cell
Outside of cell membrane Made of carbohydrates & proteins
Plant cell walls are mainly _____________
CELLULOSE

61. CELL WALL Cell membrane Found OUTSIDE the ____________________
Provides ____________ & ________________
SUPPORT PROTECTION
CELLULOSE
___________________ makes plant cells sturdy
Bacteria have cell walls made of _______________
PEPTIDOGLYCAN

62. VACUOLES Storage space
Image from:
Storage space

63. VACUOLES
Image from:
Storage space for WATER, salts, proteins (enzymes), carbohydrates, and waste
Vacuoles SMALL in ANIMAL CELLS NO VACUOLES IN BACTERIA

64. Contractile vacuoles control excess water in cells (HOMEOSTASIS) 1

65. VACUOLES Storage space for: _______________ plant
Proteins, carbohydrates,
water, waste
plant
Huge in __________cells ,
small in _____________ cells,
Not in _________________
animal
bacteria

66. CHLOROPLASTS Use energy from sunlight to make own food (glucose)
Use energy from sunlight to make own food (glucose)

67. CHLOROPLASTS Surrounded by DOUBLE membrane
Surrounded by DOUBLE membrane
Thylakoid membrane sacs contain enzymes for photosynthesis
Contains own DNA

68. CHLOROPLAST DOUBLE Surrounded by ____________ membrane
Has own ________
_____________ =membrane sacs inside
Contain CHLOROPHYLL where
_______________________ happens
FOUND ONLY IN _____________ CELLS
DNA
THYLAKOIDS
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
PLANT

69. Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Section 7-2
Nuclear
envelope
Ribosome
(attached)
(free)
Smooth endoplasmic
reticulum
Nucleus
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Nucleolus
Golgi apparatus
Mitochondrion
Cell wall
Cell
Membrane
Chloroplast
Vacuole
Plant Cell

70. WHAT’S DIFFERENT ABOUT BACTERIAL CELLS?
Cell wall
NO NUCLEAR MEMBRANE
DNA is circular
No membrane bound organelles

71. BACTERIA have a CELL WALL BUT…
IT’S MADE OF DIFFERENT MOLECULES than plant cell walls!
_______________ NOT CELLULOSE!
Image from:
PEPTIDOGLYCAN

72. WHICH IS BIGGER? _________ > _____________ > ___________
Plant cell
Animal cell
bacteria
_________ > _____________ > ___________

73. DIFFERENCES IN ANIMAL CELLS, PLANT CELLS, AND BACTERIA ANIMAL CELL
Eukaryotes
Prokaryotes
Cell membrane
Nuclear membrane
NO nuclear membrane
NO cell wall
Cell wall made of CELLULOSE
Cell wall made of PEPTIDOGLYCAN
Has ribosomes
DNA in multiple chromosomes
DNA in multiple chromosomes
DNA is a single circular ring
CYTOSKELETON
Small vacuoles
Really big vacuole
NO vacuoles
Has lysosomes
NO lysosomes
Has centrioles
NO centrioles
NO chloroplasts
Chloroplasts
SMALLER
SMALL
SMALLEST

74. BACTERIA are PROKARYOTES PLANTS & ANIMALS are EUKARYOTES
No membrane
bound organelles
Organelles with membranes
BACTERIA are PROKARYOTES
PLANTS & ANIMALS
are EUKARYOTES

75. USE WORDS FROM THE WORD BANKS TO COMPLETE THE VENN DIAGRAM COMPARISON