2. POETRY

3. Structure and Meter Poems consist of lines that may be organized into groups called stanzas. Meter is the rhythmic pattern establish by stresses or best within each line of a poem. Meter is measured in units called feet.

4. RHYME The repetition of vowel and consonant sounds at the end of words The repetition of vowel and consonant sounds at the end of words Example: proud and allowed Write down your own example along with the definition.

5. The repetition of identical sounds at the ends of lines of poetry.

6. Example: “He clasps the crag with crooked hands Close to the sun in lonely lands.” -from “The Eagle” by Alfred Lord Tennyson

7. The repetition of identical sounds within a line of poetry.

8. Examples: “We three shall flee across the sea to Italy.” OR “Hold infinity in the palm of your hand And eternity in an hour.”

9. A slant rhyme or half rhyme occurs when the vowel sounds are not quite identical.

10. Example: “And on that cheek and o’er that brow” A mind at peace with all below”

11. Rhyme Scheme A pattern of end rhymes in a poem A pattern of end rhymes in a poem Example: Roses are red Violets are bl ue I am awesome And so are y ou ! (Rhyme scheme =ABCB)

12. Couplet A pair of rhyming lines usually of the same meter and length. (It usually expresses a single idea and functions as a complete stanza.) A pair of rhyming lines usually of the same meter and length. (It usually expresses a single idea and functions as a complete stanza.) Example: So long as men can breath, or eyes can s ee, So long lives this gives life to th ee. -William Shakespeare, Sonnet 18

13. Other Sound Devices Poets may use sound devices other than rhyme. Like rhyme, these devices emphasize key ideas, create connections among words, and elicit emotional responses.

14. The repetition of consonant sounds at the beginnings of words.

15. Example: “Swiftly, swiftly flew the ship”

16. Assonance and Consonance Assonance- The repetition of vowel sounds inside words Assonance- The repetition of vowel sounds inside words - Example : We dully trudged along the dusty tunnel. Consonance - The repetition of consonant sounds inside words. Consonance - The repetition of consonant sounds inside words. - Example : The nervous move at every living sound.

17. The use of words whose sounds suggest the sounds made by objects or activities.

18. “Blind eyes could blaze like meteors” Other examples: buzz, hum, kiss Other examples: buzz, hum, kiss

19. Speaker and Tone Tone : The emotional attitude projected by the writer toward the subject and audience Tone : The emotional attitude projected by the writer toward the subject and audience Formal tone features formal grammar Formal tone features formal grammar Informal tone may feature colloquial language (local idioms and slang expressions) Informal tone may feature colloquial language (local idioms and slang expressions) Speaker : Serves the same function as the narrator in a story Speaker : Serves the same function as the narrator in a story

20. Kinds of Poetic Language Poets combine literal and figurative language to generate layers of meaning or to invite a deeper understanding of a subject.

21. Denotation and Connotation Denotation- A word’s dictionary definition Denotation- A word’s dictionary definition Connotation- The emotional associations a word evokes Connotation- The emotional associations a word evokes Example: Car is a neutral word, however… “Junker” suggests an old, broken down vehicle “Junker” suggests an old, broken down vehicle “Classic” implies a car worthy of showing off “Classic” implies a car worthy of showing off

22. The use of concrete details that appeal to the five senses.

23. Example: Cold, wet leaves float on moss-colored water.

24. Language that departs from literal meaning in order to achieve a special effect

25. A direct comparison between two basically different things that is introduced by the words “like” or “as.”

26. Example: My love is like a red, red rose.

27. An implied comparison between two basically different things that is not introduced with the words “like” or “as”.

28. Example: His eyes were daggers that cut right through me.

29. Human characteristics are given to non-human animals, objects, or ideas.

30. Example: The sun kissed the flowers.

31. A great exaggeration to emphasize strong feeling.

32. Example: My backpack weighs a ton.

33. A central insight about life revealed through a literary work

34. “It is necessary to see life from another’s perspective in order to truly understand him/her.”

35. Forms and Types of Poetry A poem’s form can help convey its message and tone. NOTE: There are MANY different types of poems; the following are just a few you will encounter in this unit.

36. Poetry without a regular pattern of meter or rhyme. (Poetry with no rules!)

37. Formal Verse Poetry that follows established patterns. Poetry that follows established patterns. (Each standard poetic form has specific requirements regarding rhyme scheme, meter and line or stanza structure.) NOTE: The remaining terms are all different types of formal verse.

38. Narrative Poem A poem that tells a story and has a plot, characters, and a setting. A poem that tells a story and has a plot, characters, and a setting. Two common types of narrative poems are epic poems and ballads …

39. Epic Poem and Ballad Epic Poem - a long narrative poem about gods or heroes (such as “The Odyssey” by Homer) Epic Poem - a long narrative poem about gods or heroes (such as “The Odyssey” by Homer) Ballad - a shorter poem that describes a single event and may be set to music. (Most include short stanzas and a refrain that repeats several times, like a chorus in a song.) Ballad - a shorter poem that describes a single event and may be set to music. (Most include short stanzas and a refrain that repeats several times, like a chorus in a song.)

40. Dramatic Poetry Poetic writing that a story using character’s own thoughts or spoken statements, is a component of many classical plays (in these plays noble characters may deliver rhythmic, poetic speeches, while lower-class characters speak in regular prose) Poetic writing that a story using character’s own thoughts or spoken statements, is a component of many classical plays (in these plays noble characters may deliver rhythmic, poetic speeches, while lower-class characters speak in regular prose) Also used to refer to poems in which one or more characters speak Also used to refer to poems in which one or more characters speak

41. Lyric Poetry A poem that expresses the feelings of a single speaker, using melodic language, imagery, rhythm, and sounds devices to express emotions A poem that expresses the feelings of a single speaker, using melodic language, imagery, rhythm, and sounds devices to express emotions (This is the most common type of poetry in modern language.)

42. A poem of praise that often exhibits complex metrical patterns, specific rhyme schemes, and stanzas of ten or more lines each

43. SONNET A fourteen-line poem, that is divided into three quatrains (rhyming four-line stanzas) and a concluding couplet (pair of rhyming lines) (Each quatrain makes a point or gives an example, and the couplet sums it all up.)