2. Key Terms *Note: A person can have symptoms from all three types (or two of three) and can switch during the disorder’s early stages, but most people settle into one type.

3. characterized by starving oneself eating below a person’s required caloric intake on a daily basis

4. characterized by starving oneself eating below a person’s required caloric intake on a daily basis

5. Characterized by episodes of bingeing followed by purging food on a frequent (usually daily) basis.

7. Characterized by over-exercising or using exercise as a compensatory behaviour.

9. Females face increased pressure that experience to look a certain way.

10. *Sometimes as early as Grade 2

11. Eating Disorders are psychological diseases and are classified as “Addictive Behaviours” in the DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) They are cyclical usually lasting throughout adolescence AND adulthood, They are extremely difficult to treat / cure even with heavy medication and psycho-therapy. Many cases result in death.

12. Eating food is a basic human need that affects everything people do (including work, mood, sleep, etc) When this basic human need is in disorder, a person cannot sustain a normal, healthy life.

13. There is no valid method to “measure” the weights of children to determine whether they are healthy. All children and adolescents grow at different rates until the end of puberty. Changes that occur in body shape and size during puberty are influenced by other factors such as family genetics.

14.  The BMI (Body Mass Index) test is used for people ages 20-65 because they have completed their linear growth. The BMI is not suitable for growing children and adolescents.

15. Key Terms

16. Significant weight loss and loss of muscle tissue and body fat Dull hair or loss of hair / growth of fine, fuzzy body / facial hair Absence of menstrual periods Dry, scaly, yellowish skin tone Sensitivity to cold temperature; brittle bones and failure to heal Kidney and liver damage (lack of nutrients); weakened heart Susceptibility to common illnesses (lack of nutrients) Slow metabolism; difficulty sleeping (fatigue); cramps Death

17. Weight fluctuations; significant weight loss Puffy face due to swollen salivary glands Bulging eyes; sunken face; bruising under eyes and on cheeks Blurred vision; vomiting blood; severe tooth / gum decay Irregularity or absence of menstrual periods Internal bleeding; stomach, kidney and liver damage Distinct odour coming from body Electrolyte imbalance Death

18. Males influence how girls feel (and vice-versa) in classrooms, hallways, social events; not unlike the effect of the media Dangerously dehumanizes / objectifies females Unrealistically redefines what females should look like... perception of “beauty” / “attractive” is completely distorted Preach acceptance; females in those images do not exist; it’s what’s inside that counts!

19. Shouldn’t ever compare with females presented in the media (they don’t exist)! Self-worth (esteem) is so much more than how a person looks; females do not need to look like a certain way to be accepted / liked Higher pressure to look a certain way for females? Concept of “setting up for failure” Females will end up being disappointed always if they are trying to achieve an ideal body image! More importantly, in attempt to achieve it – they will end-up hurting themselves Concept of “if people don’t look like themselves”– how can we expect others to look like them?!

20. The following diagram illustrates how difficult it is to break the cycle once it has started!

22. How you think others see you is how you think you look How you think others see you is how you think you look SELF-ESTEEM SELF-ESTEEM

23. - Comments peers - Media - Rewards - I don’t look like that! - Acceptance in social circles - Fear of being fat

24. - Starving - Binge/purge - Exercise (Calories!) - Dopamine/serotonin and eating - Starts with dieting

25. -Actually see results BUT UNHEALTHY - Actually see results BUT UNHEALTHY - Food is important (especially when growing in teens) - We will see some of the EFFECTS

26. - Back to Classical Conditioning - Strong connection forms - Behaviour is now conditioned - Can’t stop because they see results - Praise from friends/boys

27. -Start to feel better about body image -BUT AT WHAT COST?! - Become addicted to outcomes