1. On False Memories : Cognitive Illusions Brian Bruce Runqiu Cai Brian DeAngelis Jason Kimmel Phoebe Kuo Neil Parikh Soha Shah Nathaniel Stornetta Adam Tourgee Julia Xu Sean Yeager Alex Young

2. Memory Intrinsic and essential element of human life Imperfect –Errors of omission –Errors of comission (false memory)

3. Deese (1959) Word List Thimble, haystack, pointy, sharp, thread, pin, eye, sewing, prick Key word needle unmentioned, but subjects falsely recalled it

4. Roediger, Meade Bergman (2001) Confederate social influence “Social Contagion” Remembered items in a scene which weren’t there

5. Big Five Social/Reserved Limbic/Calm Organized/Unstructured Accommodating/Egotistical Non-curious/Inquisitive

6. Ward and Loftus (1985) Eyewitness accounts Introverted subjects more susceptible to misinformation

7. QUESTION: What is the effect of extroversion on the susceptibility to false memory with a factor of social influence from a confederate in a group setting?

8. HYPOTHESIS: The degree of social contagion will be greater among introverts than among groups composed of extroverts

9. Methods (Design) False Memory Susceptibility –Introvert vs. Extrovert –Mixed Group vs. Like-Minded Group

10. Methods (Participants) 67 Governor’s School Students Six Groups –Two Introvert Groups –Two Extrovert Groups –Two Mixed (Controls)

11. Methods (Procedure) Distribute personality tests Make groups Instruct Confederates Experiment

12. Chronology of Experiment: –Consent form –Magic trick –2-minute filler test –8-minute discussion –5-minute filler test –5-minute memory implantation test –De-briefing Methods (Procedure)

13. Discussion Sessions

14. The Results Personality Test Average Personality Type: S C O X I Social – Calm – Organized – X - Inquisitive

15. The Results Range –Very diverse group, ranged from Low (7) to High (35)

16. The Results Reasoning Tests –Overall, Governor’s School students scored significantly higher

17. Results and Speculations We got social contagion! –28% of the implanted items were falsely remembered –62% had at least one false memory No difference between extroverts and introverts (contrary to Ward and Loftus)

18. The mixed groups were much less susceptible to false memory implantation than the like-minded groups.

19. Limitations and Qualifications Gov. School students Slanted SLOAN tests Random chance/uncontrollable variables

20. The Future Further applications Future research

21. Acknowledgements Docta DEE, Ph.D. (Professa P-Diddy) Paul Quinn (Superman) Jen Sissman Dr. MIYAMOTO-SAN Doc Surace (Uncle Loser) Test Participants (except those who forgot to show up) Thank you for all your help!

22. Thank You

23. Rollin’ with Dolan: Cognitive Illusions Brian Bruce Runqiu Cai Brian DeAngelis Jason Kimmel Phoebe Kuo Neil Parikh Soha Shah Nathaniel Stornetta Adam Tourgee Julia Xu Sean Yeager Alex Young

25. The Results Linda Reasoning Test Linda is 31 years old, single, outspoken and very bright. At university she studied philosophy. As a student she was deeply concerned with issues of discrimination and social justice and also participated in anti-war demonstrations. ___ Linda is a bank teller ___ Linda is active in the feminist movement ___ Linda is active in the feminist movement and is a bank teller

26. The Results Linda Reasoning Test The Right Answer Why?

27. The Results Linda Reasoning Test On average, less than 15% of people get this question right when tested in large groups. 42% of the 67 students tested got this question right!

28. The Results Chain Test

29. The Results Chain Test IT’S NOT IMPOSSIBLE! ~Unlink all of the chains in any line and use them as connectors to link the rest! To unhook the 3 = $.06 and to link them back, $.09 = $.15

30. The Results Chain Test ~Governor’s School students did much better! ~9% of students got it correctly in just 5 minutes In a study, people were given 30 minutes to answer it and just ~50% got it right!