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Published byEdwin Golden Modified over 9 years ago
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The Digestive System
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Function: Breaks down foods into simpler molecules that can be absorbed and used by the cells of the body.
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Structures Organs: mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. Accessory glands: salivary glands, pancreas, and liver
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Types of Digestion Mechanical- grinding and crushing the food into smaller pieces that are easier to process. (example: teeth & chewing) Causes a physical change Chemical- enzymes (specialized proteins) breaking to food down into simpler molecules your cells can use. Causes a chemical change
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Mouth The mouth is where the digestive system begins. Mechanical and chemical digestion occur here. -Teeth tear and crush food
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Mouth, cont. Salivary glands release saliva into the mouth that contains enzymes like amylase to break down starches into sugars.
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Pharynx Esophagus Bolus (food ball) passes from mouth through the pharynx into the esophagus Peristalsis- smooth muscles contract, pushing food down to the stomach.
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Stomach: Structure/Fxn. Continues both mechanical and chemical digestion Smooth muscle churns and mixes food to produce chyme HCl makes it acidic
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Chemical Digestion- Enzymes Enzyme Activity #1
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Small intestine: Absorption Duodenum, jejunum, ileum (together= 6 m) More enzymes Absorption occurs on the villi, which are lined with capillaries
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Large Intestine a.k.a. colon Absorption of water –If too little is absorbed = diarrhea –If too much is absorbed = constipation Unabsorbed material passes through rectum, then anus
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Accessory Digestive Organs Pancreas- VERY important fxns. –Regulate blood sugar (diabetes) –Produces several enzymes –Produces sodium bicarbonate—a base Why is this important? Liver- produces bile which is then stored in the gall bladder
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The Excretory System Structures: skin, lungs, kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra Function: Remove waste products
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The Kidneys Primary organs of the excretory system. Remove waste products from the blood Maintain blood pH Regulate water content of the blood Waste is excreted as urine.
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The kidneys, cont. Located on either side of the spinal column near the lower back.
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Nephron Unit The functional units of the kidney are called nephrons. Each nephron is a small,independent processing unit. Function:As blood enters a nephron through the inpurities are filtered out and emptied into the collecting duct.
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Dialysis/Homeostasis by Machine The kidneys are the master chemists of the blood supply.In dialysis,blood is removed from the body through a tube inserted in the arm and pumped through special tubing that acts like nephrons.
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The Bladder Urine (waste) flows from the kidneys thru the ureters to the bladder where it is stored. Then, urine passes from bladder thru the urethra to exit the body
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