1. Vietnam - Chapter 14:iiic -
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2. [Image source: http://www.nd.edu/~vsand/images/custom_tradition.gif]
Because of its proximity to China, Vietnam’s culture in many ways resembles that of the Middle Kingdom.
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3. [Image source: www.tropicalisland.de/ vietnam.html ]
Elements of Chinese culture were absorbed during a period of more than 1,000 years of domination.
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4. Chinese belief systems such as Confucianism, Daoism, and Buddhism became integral parts of Vietnamese culture.
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5. [Image source: http://www. cartoonstock

6. The Vietnamese also adopted Chinese forms of writing and government.
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7. Vietnamese government officials were selected through a civil service exam based on Confucian principles.
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8. [Image source: http://www.marlamallett.com/B-4844DD-Shamans_Vest.jpg]
Although they adopted many Chinese beliefs, the Vietnamese continued to believe in animism.
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9. Every village had a dinh, or spirit house, where the guardian spirit of a village dwelled.
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10. Vietnamese traditionally wore their hair long and tattooed their skin.
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11. The Chinese controlled Vietnam almost continuously between B. C
The Chinese controlled Vietnam almost continuously between B.C. 200 and 939 A.D.
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12. [Image source: http://www.egeltje.org/archives/blah/trungsis.jpg]
Vietnam briefly gained independence in 39 A.D. when Trung Trak and Trung Nhi, two sisters, led a successful revolt against China.
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13. [Image source: http://www.egeltje.org/archives/blah/trungsis.jpg]
The sisters reportedly drowned themselves when the Chinese re-conquered Vietnam.
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14. Vietnam availed itself of the chaos accompanying the collapse of the Tang dynasty and revolted again in the early-900s.
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15. China dispatched a fleet of warships to subdue the rebellion.
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16. [Image source: http://www.viettouch.com/hist/ngoquyen/bdang1.jpg]
The Vietnamese, under the leadership of Ngo Quyen, defeated the Chinese armada at the Battle of the Bach Dang River in 938 A.D.
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17. The Vietnamese date their independence from China to this battle, even though Emperor Tai Cong subsequently launched an invasion.
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18. During the Song dynasty, the Vietnamese acknowledged Chinese suzerainty when they agreed to pay tribute.
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19. Although Vietnamese rulers called themselves emperor at home, they referred to themselves as merely a king in messages sent to the imperial Chinese court.
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