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H.D. Norman, J.R. Wright, and R.H. Miller Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD, USA

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Presentation on theme: "H.D. Norman, J.R. Wright, and R.H. Miller Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD, USA"— Presentation transcript:

1 H.D. Norman, J.R. Wright, and R.H. Miller Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD, USA duane.norman@ars.usda.gov ICAR 2008 (1) 2008 Retrofitting genetic-economic indexes to demonstrate responses to selection across 2 generations of Holsteins

2 H.D. Norman 2008 ICAR 2008 (2) 20th century trait emphasis l Yield w Volume w Component percentages l Genetic decline in traits negatively correlated with milk yield w Fertility w Mastitis resistance

3 H.D. Norman 2008 ICAR 2008 (3) Addition of health & fitness traits l More comprehensive data recording l Development of genetic evaluations w Calving ease, 1978 w Type, 1978–82 w Productive life (PL), 1994 w Somatic cell score (SCS), 1994 w Daughter pregnancy rate (DPR), 2003 w Stillbirth, 2006

4 H.D. Norman 2008 ICAR 2008 (4) Genetic-economic indexes l Allows breeders to base selection decisions on a single trait while improving several traits l Helps produce cows with fewer functional deficiencies and greater capacity for efficient performance over a longer herdlife l Updated periodically w Genetic evaluations available for new traits w Economic weights are no longer appropriate

5 H.D. Norman 2008 ICAR 2008 (5) Relative emphasis in USDA indexes PD$,MFP$,Net merit (NM) Trait197119761994200020032006 Milk5227 6 5 0 0 Fat484625212223 Protein…2743363323 PL……20141117 SCS……−6−9 Udder……… 7 7 6 Feet/legs……… 4 4 3 Body size………−4−3−4 DPR………… 7 9 Calving difficulty Service sire…………−2… Daughter…………−2−2… Calving ability…………… 6

6 H.D. Norman 2008 ICAR 2008 (6) Objective l Demonstrate progress that would have been made for currently evaluated traits if alternative indexes had been the basis for selection decisions across 2 generations

7 H.D. Norman 2008 ICAR 2008 (7) Retrofitted indexes PD$, Trait197120002003 Milk5227 6 5 0 0 Fat484625212223 Protein…2743363323 PL……20141117 SCS……−6−9 Udder……… 7 7 6 Feet/legs……… 4 4 3 Body size………−4−3−4 DPR………… 7 9 Calving difficulty Service sire…………−2… Daughter…………−2−2… Calving ability…………… 6 MFP$,Net merit (NM) 197619942006

8 H.D. Norman 2008 ICAR 2008 (8) Data l 25 cow groups based on sire and maternal grandsire (MGS) quintiles for 3 indexes (MFP$76, NM94, NM06) w Example: Cows in group 11 had sire and MGS in the lowest quintile l Cows with birth dates from 1993 through 1999 and calving dates from 1995 through 2005

9 H.D. Norman 2008 ICAR 2008 (9) Data (cont.) l Cows excluded if they changed herds, had missing lactation records within their first 5 parities, or were in herds with <5 cows l Final data set w 1,756,805 cows in 26,106 herds for yield traits, PL, SCS, and pregnancy rate w 692,656 cows in 9,967 herds for calving difficulty w 270,564 cows in 4,534 herds for stillbirth

10 H.D. Norman 2008 ICAR 2008 (10) Methods l Least-square differences between cow groups examined for 8 first-parity traits standardized to mature equivalence w Milk yield w Fat yield w Protein yield w PL l Analysis on a within-herd basis with cow birth year in model w SCS w Pregnancy rate w Calving difficulty w Stillbirth

11 H.D. Norman 2008 ICAR 2008 (11) Methods (cont.) l Results reported only for 3 levels of selection intensity w Low (group 11 + group 12 ) w Medium (group 32 + group 33 + group 34 ) w High (group 54 + group 55 ) MGS LowHigh 12345 Low1 2 3Medium 4 High5 Sire

12 H.D. Norman 2008 ICAR 2008 (12) Least-squares results Selection intensity High-low difference TraitIndexLowMediumHigh Milk, kgMFP$7610,44311,05311,5701,127 NM9410,44311,01211,417973 NM0610,96111,08311,180219

13 H.D. Norman 2008 ICAR 2008 (13) Least-squares results Selection intensity High-low difference TraitIndexLowMediumHigh Milk, kgMFP$7610,44311,05311,5701,127 NM9410,44311,01211,417973 NM0610,96111,08311,180219 Fat, kgMFP$7637440042450 NM9438440041127 NM0639140141121

14 H.D. Norman 2008 ICAR 2008 (14) Least-squares results Selection intensity High-low difference TraitIndexLowMediumHigh Milk, kgMFP$7610,44311,05311,5701,127 NM9410,44311,01211,417973 NM0610,96111,08311,180219 Fat, kgMFP$7637440042450 NM9438440041127 NM0639140141121 Protein,MFP$7629931933637 kgNM9430431832824 NM0631432032511

15 H.D. Norman 2008 ICAR 2008 (15) Least-squares results (cont.) Selection intensity High-low difference TraitIndexLowMediumHigh PL, moMFP$7629.830.731.92.1 NM9427.829.933.65.8 NM0627.930.534.26.3

16 H.D. Norman 2008 ICAR 2008 (16) Least-squares results (cont.) Selection intensity High-low difference TraitIndexLowMediumHigh PL, moMFP$7629.830.731.92.1 NM9427.829.933.65.8 NM0627.930.534.26.3 SCSMFP$762.832.912.950.12 NM942.992.922.86−0.13 NM063.032.912.82−0.21

17 H.D. Norman 2008 ICAR 2008 (17) Least-squares results (cont.) Selection intensity High-low difference TraitIndexLowMediumHigh PL, moMFP$7629.830.731.92.1 NM9427.829.933.65.8 NM0627.930.534.26.3 SCSMFP$762.832.912.950.12 NM942.992.922.86−0.13 NM063.032.912.82−0.21 PregnancyMFP$7629.528.528.1−1.4 rate, %NM9428.728.328.70.0 NM0627.928.329.11.2

18 H.D. Norman 2008 ICAR 2008 (18) Least-squares results (cont.) Selection intensity High-low difference TraitIndexLowMediumHigh CalvingMFP$761.761.751.70−0.06 difficulty,NM941.811.751.68−0.13 (1–5 scale)NM061.851.721.66−0.19

19 H.D. Norman 2008 ICAR 2008 (19) Least-squares results (cont.) Selection intensity High-low difference TraitIndexLowMediumHigh CalvingMFP$761.761.751.70−0.06 difficulty,NM941.811.751.68−0.13 (1–5 scale)NM061.851.721.66−0.19 Stillbirth,MFP$7612.111.611.3−0.9 %NM9414.513.311.2−3.3 NM0613.611.99.0−4.6

20 H.D. Norman 2008 ICAR 2008 (20) Conclusions l Phenotypic improvement for all traits included in current USDA index from selection on that index l Some improvement large enough to be noticeable to producers in a single generation w Increases in PL and pregnancy rate w Declines in SCS and stillbirth

21 H.D. Norman 2008 ICAR 2008 (21) Conclusions (cont.) l Reduced concern by consumers about animal welfare issues through use of a comprehensive composite index l Greater profit from selection on current index than from selection on indexes with fewer traits or on individual traits

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