1. Amaterasu – Sun Goddess Goddess

3. Japan ’ sGeography Japan ’ s Geography Japan is a series of islands — the group consists of over 3000 islands of which 600 are inhabited. The four main islands, Honshu, Kyushu, Shikoku, and Hokkaido dominate Japanese history, however. The largest island is Honshu, but the overall geographical area of the inhabited islands is less than California.

5. Japan ’ sGeography Japan ’ s Geography The climate is pleasantly moderate, for the islands lie in the path of the Black Current which flows north from the tropics. All the islands are mountainous and subject to a variety of natural disasters, especially earthquakes and tsunamis.

6. Japan ’ s Geography All the islands are mountainous and subject to a variety of natural disasters, especially earthquakes and tsunamis. The mountainous terrain leaves its mark on Japanese culture; since the mountains provide natural and difficult barriers, political life in Japan centered around regional rather than national governments.

7. Japan ’ s Geography The earliest flowering of Japanese history took place in the low-lying plains on the island of Honshu, especially the Yamato plain in the south — a region that gave its name to the first official name for Japan, Yamato. There the very first Japanese kingdom arose and provided the basis of future Japanese civilizations.

8. Japan ’ s Geography This island status has also protected Japan from foreign invasions. Only twice in Japanese history has the island been successfully overrun by foreigners: in the third century BC by the wave of immigrations from the Korean peninsula, and in 1945 by the United States.

9. Japan ’ s Geography The areas of Japan which have shown the most cultural change are those, as you might imagine, that are closest to the mainland of Asia. The southern island of Kyushu and the southwestern peninsula of Honshu lie close to the Korean peninsula.Korean peninsula

10. Japan ’ s Geography It is in this region that the Japanese first immigrated into Japan in the third century BC, and it is in this region that the first state in Japan was established: the Yamato State on the Yamato peninsula (the southwestern most peninsula on Honshu).

11. Japan ’ s Geography Despite the late arrival of Japan into written history, the beginnings go back ten thousand years to a mysterious people which would eventually produce a unique and vital culture, the Jomon.

12. Japan ’ s Early Development Japan does not appear in history until 57 AD when it is first mentioned in Chinese histories, where it is referred to as Wa. The Chinese historians tell us of a land divided into a hundred or so separate tribal communities. The Japanese do not start writing their histories until around 600 AD.

13. Japan ’ s Early Development In order to get a handle on ancient Japanese history, it helps to consider that it is driven by outside influences. The first involved the settlement of Japan by a group of peoples from the Korean peninsula in the third century BC.Korean peninsula Overnight they transformed the stone-age culture of Japan into an agricultural and metal-working culture. These early immigrants are ultimately the origin of Japanese language and culture.

14. Japan ’ s Early Development The second great push in Japanese history was contact with China from 200 AD onwards. From the Chinese, who demanded that Japan be a tribute state to China, the Japanese adopted forms of government, Buddhism, and writing. The bulk of Japanese culture is forged from the Chinese

15. Japan ’ s Early Development Japanese believed a different spirit protected each clan Emperor was godlike and very well respected

16. Clan Life in Japan The people in early Japan lived in clans, which were held together by their common descent from a single ancestor. These clans were ruled by a powerful chief, who was also the religious priest of the group.

17. Clan Life in Japan Members of each clan practiced a form of ancestor worship known as Shinto. Clan members believed that the spirit of the common ancestor from whom they all descended still inhabited their village, and that it protected them, and worked to help better their lives. They worshiped this ancestor and prayed to it for help and guidance.

18. Clan Life in Japan The clan chief also acted as the military leader, and directed the efforts of the clan to protect themselves against outsiders, and against other neighboring clans. The clan chief also acted as the military leader, and directed the efforts of the clan to protect themselves against outsiders, and against other neighboring clans.

19. Yamato Clan 300-711 By the late A.D. 300s one clan in particular began to stand out among all the rest in political power and influence. This clan was known as the Yamato Clan. The Yamato Clan was known for their bravery in battle, and their superior fighting techniques. As a result, all other clans within Japan became subject to them. The chief of the Yamato Clan became the first emperor of Japan.

20. Yamata Clan As a result, all other clans within Japan became subject to them. The chief of the Yamato Clan became the first emperor of Japan. Local clans still ruled their own lands, but they owed their loyalty to the emperor, who by A.D. 400 had become very powerful.

21. China ’ s influence on Japan Japanese first told about Chinese by the Koreans – 1 st Century CE Mid CE 500 ’ s – Chinese missionaries arrived in Japan Brought Buddhism, customs, law, dress, architecture, art, and manners

22. Prince Shotoku: 573-621  Adopted Chinese culture and Confucianism. a Buddhist sects allowed to develop. a Created a new government structure:  17 Article Constitution in 604. 

23. China ’ s influence on Japan Taika Reforms – (CE 645) Established a system of government for Japan Based on the Chinese government Japanese adapted some of the laws to meet their own needs Emperor of Japan now became more of a political leader rather than just a religious figure

24. Heian Period: 794-1156 Characteristics: a Growth of large landed estates. a Arts & literature of China flourished. a Elaborate court life [highly refined]  ETIQUETTE.  ETIQUETTE.  a Personal diaries e The Pillow Book by Sei Shonagon [10c] a Great novel  The Tale of Genji by Lady Murasaki Shikibu [1000 pgs.+]  The Tale of Genji by Lady Murasaki Shikibu [1000 pgs.+]   Moving away from Chinese models in religion, the arts, and government.  Moving away from Chinese models in religion, the arts, and government.  Characteristics: a Growth of large landed estates. a Arts & literature of China flourished. a Elaborate court life [highly refined]  ETIQUETTE.  ETIQUETTE.  a Personal diaries e The Pillow Book by Sei Shonagon [10c] a Great novel  The Tale of Genji by Lady Murasaki Shikibu [1000 pgs.+]  The Tale of Genji by Lady Murasaki Shikibu [1000 pgs.+]   Moving away from Chinese models in religion, the arts, and government.  Moving away from Chinese models in religion, the arts, and government. 

25. Heian Period: Cultural Borrowing 1.Chinese writing. 2.Chinese artistic styles. 3.Buddhism [in the form of ZEN]. 4.BUT, not the Chinese civil service system! 4.BUT, not the Chinese civil service system!  1.Chinese writing. 2.Chinese artistic styles. 3.Buddhism [in the form of ZEN]. 4.BUT, not the Chinese civil service system! 4.BUT, not the Chinese civil service system! 

26. Tale of Genji (first novel) written in 1008 AD/CE

27. Feudalism: A political, economic, and social system based on loyalty, the holding of land, and military service.

28. Japan fell into a feudal system similar to that of Europe. Landowning warriors known as samurai pledged their allegiance to lords known as daimyos, and fought to protect their lands.

29. Minamoto Yoritomo Founded the Kamakura Shogunate: 1185- 1333

30. Feudal Society The emperor reigned, but did not always rule!

31. Samurai Samurai were supposed to lead their lives according to the ethic code of bushido (the way of the warrior). Strongly Confucian in nature, Bushido stressed concepts such as loyalty to one's master, self discipline and respectful, ethical behavior.

32. Samurai The samurai (or bushi) were the members of the military class, the Japanese warriors. Samurai employed a range of weapons such as bows and arrows, spears and guns; but their most famous weapon and their symbol was the sword.sword After a defeat, some samurai chose to commit ritual suicide (seppuku) by cutting their abdomen rather than being captured or dying a dishonorable death.

33. Code of the Samurai * Fidelity * Politeness * Virility * Simplicity * Fidelity * Politeness * Virility * Simplicity

34. Code of Chivalry * * Justice * Loyalty * Defense * Courage * Faith * Humility * Nobility * * Justice * Loyalty * Defense * Courage * Faith * Humility * Nobility

35. Samurai After a defeat, some samurai chose to commit ritual suicide (seppuku) by cutting their abdomen rather than being captured or dying a dishonorable death.

36. European knight Samurai Warrior vs. Medieval Warriors

37. Knight ’ s Armor Samurai Armor vs. Medieval Warriors

38. In A.D. 1336 civil war broke out in Japan. Both the shogun and the emperor remained in office, but both became nothing more than figure heads, having no real political power. Feudalism ends in Japan 1869. (Shoguns and Samurai no more)