1. Basic Needs
MOD B

2. Unit 10: Comfort, Pain, Rest, and Sleep
All humans need comfort, rest, and sleep for physical and emotional well-being, health, and wellness
Comfort - state of physical and emotional well-being
Patient is calm and relaxed
Is not in pain or upset

3. Comfort Excessive noise Delays healing Impairs immune system function
Increases heart rate and blood pressure
Causes patients to feel stressed and anxious
Interferes with sleep
May trigger wandering in confused patients
May cause patient dissatisfaction with care

4. Physical needs P. 120 Maslow’s hierarchy of needs: Figure 9-8!!
You need to fulfill most basic (physical) human needs before you can go to next step
Shelter: room, temperature, maintenance
Oxygen: help pt breath by body positioning (HOB up), O2 via Nasal cannula/mask
Food: right food, right temperature, right environment (noise, odors), increase independence by letting pt eat himself, but assist if needed
Sleep: need to be free of pain, hunger, thirst, need to eliminate, noise
Elimination: bathing, encourage right diet (fiber, water), provide help with elimination
Physical activity: promote by helping to ambulate, encourage, ROM

5. Security/Safety – emotional needs P. 121
If physical needs are not met, security/safety can not be met
For security/safety
Maintain safe environment
Know how to respond to emergencies
Implement pt care plan
If no Security/safety – then no love and affection; everyone needs to feel loved
For emotional needs
Protect self-esteem: be aware of pt’s feelings of fear/loneliness/uncertainty
Help maintain grooming and appearance
Give sincere complements
Respect privacy, don’t judge, recognize intimacy is a basic human need, discourage advances from pts
Use hugs, smiles, pat on shoulders, clasp of hands, backrubs

6. Pain p. 130
Pain is discomfort that is unpleasant; considered the “fifth vital sign”,
Pain is ALWAYS a sign that something is wrong and should not be ignored! types:
Acute: sudden, without warning
Chronic (persistent): lasts longer than 6 months, may be intermittent or constant
Phantom pain: after amputation, feeling that amputated limb is hurting – Pain is real!
Radiating pain: pain moves ex. Heart attack-pain may radiate from chest to jaw or arm
Pain is what the patient says it is; pt’s self-report is the most accurate and reliable indicator of existence and intensity of pain – not the nurse, not the family member
Pain needs to be reported to the supervising nurse promptly

7. Pain
FACES scale may be used for both children and adults

8. Pain p. 130
S/S of pain:
Facial expressions, grimacing, refusal to move, moaning, crying, yelling, screaming
Clutching a body part
Stiff, ridged or limited movement
Sudden change in behavior: loud when usually quiet, agitated/combative, still and withdrawn when usually active and outgoing
Assessing pain – Pain scale Figure 10-5A p. 132
Pain is assessed as a number ex. 5/10 or 2/10, 0=no pain at all, 10=the worst pain ever felt
In order to report pain to your supervising nurse, you need to know:
Vital signs, skin color
Location of pain
Radiating?
Time of onset
Frequency (how often)
Quality/Character of pain: throbbing, burning, sharp, dull, continuous, intermittent
Intensity – pain scale
What makes it worse/ what makes it better

9. Pain
Plan to give care after the patient has relieved pain-relieving medication
Provide nursing comfort measures to help relieve pain:
Back rubs
Reposition to relieve pain and muscle spasms
Maintain comfortable environment
Avoid sudden, jerking movements when moving patient
See list p. 134

10. Rest State of mental and physical comfort, calmness, and relaxation
All basic needs have to be met before rest can occur

11. Sleep Period of continuous or intermittent unconsciousness
Basic need of all humans
necessary for body and mind to function properly
Factors interfering with sleep (p. 136), ex.
Pain, hunger, thirst, need to eliminate, illness, exercise, noise, temperature, medications, caffeine, anxiety etc.

12. Sleep Each person has a sleep-wake cycle An internal biological clock
Tells a person when it is time to sleep and when it is time to wake up
NREM: Stage 1+2: easily awaken
NREM: Stage 3+4: deep sleep
REM: dreams occur
Cycle lasts from minutes

13. Sleep Disorders
Insomnia: wake up early, can’t fall asleep, wake up in the middle of the night
Hypersomnia: excessive sleeping
Narcolepsy: sudden, uncontrollable, unpredictable urges to fall asleep during the day
Sleep apnea: breathing stops for >10sec, waking up patient
Sleep deprivation: prolonged sleep loss

14. Unit 11: Cultural Sensitivity
The United States is a nation of people whose ancestors came primarily from other countries.
As a health care provider, you are expected to show sensitivity to the individuality and cultural heritage of each patient.

15. Race, Ethnicity, and Culture
Classification of people according to shared physical characteristics
Ethnicity
Special groups within a race as defined by national origin and/or culture
Culture
The way a particular group views the world
Set of traditions that are passed on from generation to generation

16. Traditions
Customs and practices followed by members of a culture and passed from generation to generation
Although you may not observe the same customs or practices
You should respect the traditions of your patients

17. Cultural and Religious Garments
Members of some groups are required to wear special clothing with a religious significance
Some groups require that their members keep various parts of their bodies covered
Such as covering the head during prayer
Respect each patient’s cultural and religious beliefs
Do all you can to help them comply with their cultural and religious clothing requirements

18. Rituals Associated with Washing
Members of some groups have rituals they must perform involving the body
Washing before prayer
In some cultures, washing is required at certain times of the day or before and after specified activities
Assist your patient by setting up supplies
Respect his or her religious and cultural washing rituals

19. Homework Read units in textbook, then do
Review questions in textbook p. 140: True/False, 30, 31, 34
Workbook p : True/False (1-24)