1. Finish up from Monday:

2. Today’s Agenda…  Day 1 Switching Technologies (Chapter 2 Sybex)Switching Technologies (Chapter 2 Sybex) VIRTUAL LAN’s [VLAN’S] (Chapter 6 Sybex)VIRTUAL LAN’s [VLAN’S] (Chapter 6 Sybex)  DAY 2 Cisco IOS (Chapter 4 Sybex)Cisco IOS (Chapter 4 Sybex) IP Routing (Chapter 5 Sybex)IP Routing (Chapter 5 Sybex) Router Configuration and Internetwork Management (Chapter 7 Sybex)Router Configuration and Internetwork Management (Chapter 7 Sybex)

3. Chapter Four  Segmentation with LAN Switches Switches Break up collision domainsSwitches Break up collision domains  Switches are Hardware based. Bridges Break up collision domainsBridges Break up collision domains  Bridges are Software based.

4. Three Switch Functions  Address Learning: When a device transmits and an interface receives a frame, the switch places the frame’s source address in the MAC forward/filter table.When a device transmits and an interface receives a frame, the switch places the frame’s source address in the MAC forward/filter table. ABCD E0/0E0/3 E0/2E0/1 MAC Forward/Filter Table E0/0: 0000.8c01.000a E0/1: 0000.8c01.000b E0/2: E0/3:

5. Forward/Filter Decisions  Where the destination hardware address is known and listed in the forward/filter MAC database.

6. Loop Avoidance  Redundant links between Switches.  Creates problems: Broadcast Storms.Broadcast Storms. Multiple Frame copies.Multiple Frame copies. Thrashing the MAC table.Thrashing the MAC table. Multiple loops.Multiple loops.  The Fix is STP.

7. Spanning Tree Protocol  Terms to know: (Sybex pp. 87 – 88) STPSTP Root BridgeRoot Bridge BPDUBPDU Bridge IDBridge ID Root PortRoot Port Forwarding portForwarding port Blocked portBlocked port

8. Selecting a Root Bridge  The ID is 8 bytes long  Importance is based on two things: 1.Priority by default is 32,768 2.MAC Address: Lowest number Highest priority.  BPDU’s are sent out every 2 seconds to all active ports.

9. STP Port states  Blocking  Listening  Learning  Forwarding  Disable  Convergence

10. LAN Switch types  Cut-Through  FragmentFree  Store-and-Forward

11. Review  Pages 98 – 104

12. Chapter Five Virtual LANs

13. Overview  What a VLAN is  Frame Tagging  Inter-switch Link Routing (ISL)  Virtual Trunking Protocol (VTP)

14. VLAN  “A VLAN is a logical grouping of network users and resources connected to administratively defined ports on a switch.”

15. A Flat Network Structure  Problems: All the same broadcastAll the same broadcast Security: Everyone sees everyoneSecurity: Everyone sees everyone

16. A switched Network  VLAN separates

17. Benefits of VLAN  Simplifies Security.  Users grouped by function not physical location.  Broadcast Control.  Flexibility and Scalability

18. Frame Tagging  Allows you to span more than one connected switch. A switch fabric is a group of switches sharing the same VLAN information.A switch fabric is a group of switches sharing the same VLAN information.  Frame tagging assigns a unique user defined ID to each frame. This identifier is used to locate the correct port that is linked to the same VLANThis identifier is used to locate the correct port that is linked to the same VLAN When connected the ID is drop. It now knows the correct connection.When connected the ID is drop. It now knows the correct connection.

19. ISL  Inter-switch Link The way VLAN information is tagged to an Ethernet frame.The way VLAN information is tagged to an Ethernet frame. The Cisco ISL is proprietary to Cisco.The Cisco ISL is proprietary to Cisco.

20. VTP  VLAN Trunk Protocol Created by Cisco but not proprietary.Created by Cisco but not proprietary. Used to manage VLAN across switched networks.Used to manage VLAN across switched networks. Allows administrator to add, delete, or rename VLAN’s.Allows administrator to add, delete, or rename VLAN’s.  Benefits: Consistent configurationConsistent configuration Allows trunking over mixed networksAllows trunking over mixed networks Accurate tracking and monitoring of VLANsAccurate tracking and monitoring of VLANs Dynamic reporting of added VLNs to all switchesDynamic reporting of added VLNs to all switches Plug n PlayPlug n Play

21. VTP Modes  Server: Default needs at least oneDefault needs at least one Creates, add or delete VLANsCreates, add or delete VLANs Changes made here are advertised to the entire VLAN domainChanges made here are advertised to the entire VLAN domain  Client: Receive information from the VTP serverReceive information from the VTP server Cannot make any changesCannot make any changes  Transparent: Does not participate but will forward advertisementsDoes not participate but will forward advertisements Add and delete only for local significanceAdd and delete only for local significance Does not share with other switches.Does not share with other switches.

22. VTP Pruning  Only sends broadcast to trunk links that must have the information  Is disabled by default on all switches.

23. Review  Pages 340 – 345

24. Chapter Six Cisco IOS

25. Overview  Router Internal Configuration and components  The User Interface  Internetworking design

26. The Router  IOS: Cisco (Internetwork Operating System)  Physically: Console port:Console port: Ethernet port:Ethernet port: Serial port:Serial port: Auxiliary port:Auxiliary port:

27. Internal Configuration  RAM  NVRAM  ROM  FLASH  INTERFACES

28. Router Startup BOOTSTRAP Cisco IOS Configuration File Load Bootstrap Locate and load Operating System Locate and load Configuration file Or enter setup mode ROM Flash TFTP ROM NVRAM TFTP Server Console

29. Setup Mode  Basic Management: Allows only connectivity to the router.Allows only connectivity to the router.  Extended Setup: Gives you the power to configure some global parameters and interface configuration parameters.Gives you the power to configure some global parameters and interface configuration parameters.

30. The Users Interface  HyperTerminal The command line interpreter.The command line interpreter. Similar UNIX type commands.Similar UNIX type commands. Use the TAB key to complete a command.Use the TAB key to complete a command.  Two Modes: User mode identified by the “>”User mode identified by the “>” Privileged mode identified by the “#”Privileged mode identified by the “#”  Two ways to configure: SetupSetup CLICLI

31. Exercises  Lab Manual Pages… Logging in page 8Logging in page 8 Completing a command page 9Completing a command page 9 Editing commands page 9Editing commands page 9 Manual configuration page 10Manual configuration page 10 Passwords page 12Passwords page 12 Miscellaneous commands page 13Miscellaneous commands page 13 Testing IP Configuration page 16Testing IP Configuration page 16 IP Addressing example pages 17,18IP Addressing example pages 17,18 Startup commands page 19Startup commands page 19 Miscellaneous commands page 20Miscellaneous commands page 20

32. Designing our Network 10.2.0.010.4.0.0 10.3.0.010.1.0.010.5.0.0 E0/0 S0/0 S0/1 10.2.0.1 10.1.0.2 10.1.0.110.3.0.110.5.0.1 10.5.0.210.3.0.2 10.2.0.2 10.4.0.110.4.0.2

33. Detecting DCE/DTE  DCD: Service Provided end  DTC: User end  We use Cisco 60 pin serial cable: Female connection is the DCEFemale connection is the DCE Male connection is the DTEMale connection is the DTE

34. Review  Lab on pages 233 – 240  Questions on pages 241 – 247

35. Chapter Seven IP Routing Basics

36. Overview  What is IP Routing?  The IP Routing Process  Static Routing  Configuring Static Routes  Default Routing

37. Review  Lab Pages 302 – 308  Questions Pages 309 – 315