2. Graham Armstrong Chairman: Organic Finishing Group; IMF Technical Sales Manager; Indestructible Paint Ltd

4. How the Requirements of Clients in the Aero Engine, Airframe and Aero Ancillary Industries Will Drive Coatings Developments

5. Current Product Types Organic Paints and Coatings Including: Epoxy ; Polyurethane; Acrylic; Silicon; Silicate; Polyimides; blends and others. Inorganic and Sacrificial Coatings; Diffusion and Ceramic Products Dry Film Lubricants Intumescents/ ”Thermal Barriers “ Primer-filler Coatings for Composites

6. Typically, Coatings Must Resist: High Heat: >500-600 o C High Chemical Attack: Skydrol ; de icers etc Erosion: Rain & Particle Corrosion Heat & Thermal Conductivity Fuel and Lubricants

7. Aero Turbine Engines

8. Front End Commercial: 600mph air speed Temperature: -50 o C to 50-60 o C Erosion Resistance: Rain Erosion Hail Erosion Sand Erosion UV Radiation Flexible Elastomerics 2 Component Urethanes Baking Modified Epoxies & Silicone Epoxy Melamines

9. A – Frame (in Gas Stream) Commercial: 600mph air speed Temperature: -50 o C to 50-60 o C Erosion Resistance: Rain Erosion Hail Erosion Sand Erosion UV Radiation Silicone Epoxy Melamine Erosion Coating (PL205)

10. Low Pressure Compressor Stators & Blades Erosion Resistance: Rain Erosion Hail Erosion Sand Erosion UV Erosion Silicone Epoxy Melamine Erosion Coating (PL205) Corrosion & Temperature Resistance (300 o C) HT Aluminium Baking Sacrificial Aluminium Slurry Coatings

11. High Pressure Compressor 50 atmospheres (500psi) Corrosion Temperature Resistance (500 o C) Sacrificial Aluminium Slurry Coatings

12. Turbine Very High Temperature Sulphidation Attack Sour Gas Atmosphere(Industrial) Corrosion Diffusion Coatings Ceramic coatings

13. Shaft; single; double or treble shaft engines Corrosion Oil Resistance Varying Temperature HT Aluminium Baking Finishes Sacrificial Aluminium Slurry Coatings

14. Dry Film Lubrication Blade Roots Varying Temperature Requirements Corrosion Resistance Baking Epoxy & Silicone- Epoxy Resin base; MoS 2 ; graphite lubricant Inorganic silicate resin; boron nitride lubricant

15. Fan Case Corrosion Resistance Fluids Resistance Baking Epoxy Primer (Chromate Containing)

16. Front End-Nacelle Flying Luggage Crates Impact & Erosion Resistance

17. Engine Casings Corrosion Fluid Resistance Heat Resistance Aluminium Castings 2 Component Epoxy Primer (Cr + Cr free) & 2 Component Epoxy Finish Magnesium Castings Baking Epoxy Sealant; 2 Component Epoxy Primer (Cr + Cr free) & 2 Component Epoxy Finish

18. Aero Ancillaries

19. Undercarriage Components Struts & Legs Cadmium Plating Baking Epoxy Primer + Finish 2 Component Epoxy Primer (Cr or Cr free) + 2 Component PU Finishes Axles Cadmium Plating Now MCAC

20. Wheels and Brakes Wheels 2 Component Epoxy Primer (Cr or Cr free) 2 component PU Finishes Braking Components 1 component Cr or Cr free Primer

21. Nacelles etc 2 component epoxy Cr primer + 2 component PU Finish Elastomeric Coating on Spinner

22. The Effect on Coatings Development

23. Client Issues Increased Performance Requirements Temperature Corrosion Resistance Chemical Resistance Abrasion Resistance Increased Operating Times(Reduced Maintenance) Reduced Production Costs Easier Application Reduced Curing Temps/Times Safer Products Less Storage Issues

24. Increasing Performance Requirements Corrosion Resistance Cyclic Corrosion Temperature Resistance Fluids & Chemical Resistance Erosion & Abrasion Resistance Steam Resistance 1000 Hours + HSS ASTM B-117 Prohesion >10 Cycles Increasing up to 800 o C ++ 350hrs + in tri-n-butyl phosphate @ >70 o C Rain & particle erosion 760 o C @ 350bar

25. Environmental/Legislative Issues REACH SVHC’s Ongoing Restrictions Solvents Directive HAPS GHS Cr VI Elimination Cr III Elimination VOC Reduction/ Elimination

26. Product Availability Raw Material Withdrawal i. REACH ii. Other H+S Problems iii. No Longer ViableCommercially Technically Resource

27. Processing Issues Reduced Manufacturing Costs Processing Restrictions & Controls Coatings Application Coatings Manufacture

29. Pre-Treatment Systems Chrome Free Alternatives to Existing Systems for Magnesium; Aluminium and Other Alloys Thin Film “Conversion” Coatings Sol Gels Polysiloxanes Anodic Cr Free Processes

30. Organic Coatings Ultra Low VOC Coatings and/or water based Chromate free anti-corrosive primers (but with performance equal or better than current Cr containing) Toxic Emission Free Intumescents Smoke Free Flame Retardant Coatings Increased Chemical Performance Higher Temperature Resistance

31. Inorganic Coatings Total Elimination of Chrome Smoother Surface Finishes Improved Airflows Easier Application Parameters Reduced Curing Temperatures for New Grades of Alloys Revised Chemical & Corrosion Resistance Increased Temperature Performance

32. Formulation Issues Nano Performance Advances Methods of Incorporation Cost Implications Health & Safety Issues Environmental Issues

33. Double Edge Requirements : Increased Performance Requirements Legislative/Environmental/Client/Use Issues THESE CAN FIGHT EACH OTHER BUT NEED TO BE INCLUSIVE

35. Any Questions?