1. AP Biology Discussion Notes
Monday 12/08/2014

2. Goals for the Day
Be able to write a chemical equation for photosynthesis (and understand its complexities)
Be able to describe the two parts of photosynthesis
Be able to describe the importance of the photosynthetic process.

3. Question of the Day 12/08
What is the difference between Heterotrophs & Autotrophs? Give examples of each.

4. Autotrophs vs. Heterotrophs

5. Photoautotrophs (b) Multicellular alga (a) Plants (d) Cyanobacteria
Figure 10.2
Photoautotrophs
(b)
Multicellular alga
(a) Plants
Figure 10.2 Photoautotrophs.
Most autotrophs (that we know of) – some can do chemosynthesis
(d) Cyanobacteria
40 m
(c)
Unicellular protists
10 m
(e)
Purple sulfur bacteria
1 m 5

6. The MIRACLE OF LIFE! Inorganic Organic Photosynthesis
_________ energy ________energy
Is this important?
The MIRACLE OF LIFE!
Inorganic Organic

7. Fossil Fuel What is a fossil & what does “fossil” fuel mean?
Is this a renewable resource?
Where did the chemical energy in fossil fuels originally come from?

8. Alternative BioFuels
What alternative biofuels do you know of?

9. Alternative BioFuels

10. What major plant part is responsible for photosynthesis?
Mesophyll cell (inner leaf) may have chloroplasts in each Cell!

11. Where did chloroplasts come from? (What theory is this?)
What evidence is there for that?
What kind of cells have chloroplasts?
Plants & some protists!

13. The Mighty Chloroplast
Organization of the chloroplast is important - emergent properties come with increased organization – chloroplast with its double membrane may actually be more efficient then original prokaryotic cell

14. The Skeleton of a Chloroplast

15. Membranes allow cells to do what?
Movement in/Out
ORGANIZATION
Build a Gradient
DO WORK
Organize and do work-by setting up/establishing a concentration gradient.

16. SUMMARY Chemical Equation for Photosynthesis
CO2 + H2O  C6H12O6 + O2
Show simplified reaction, and balance it again

17. Van Niel – 1930s
Studies mechanism of photosynthesis in bacteria that do not produce Oxygen.
Wanted to know where the Oxygen produced in Photosynthesis comes from.

18. Van Niel – 1930s CO2 + 2H2S  [CH2O] + H2O+2S
Studies mechanism of photosynthesis in bacteria that do not produce Oxygen.
CO2 + 2H2S  [CH2O] + H2O+2S

19. Van Niel – 1930s CO2 + 2H2S  [CH2O] + H2O+2S
So where must the oxygen come from?
CO2 + 2H2S  [CH2O] + H2O+2S

20. Reactants: Products: 6 CO2 6 H2O 6 O2 12 H2O C6H12O6 Figure 10.5
Figure 10.5 Tracking atoms through photosynthesis. 20

21. Photosynthesis in 2 Stages
Light reactions (light dependent reactions) – done in the thylakoid membranes
Calvin Cycle (light Independent reactions)
Done in the stroma
Light - photo part
Calvin – synthesis part

22. Light Reactions Light + H2O  NADPH + ATP + O2
Water supplies Electrons and Hydrogen ions that will power chemiosmosis and Phosyphorylation of ADP to ATP.

23. Calvin Cycle CO2 Carbohydrate Recycles ADP/NADP+ The MIRACLE OF LIFE!
Inorganic Organic

24. H2O Light NADP ADP + P i Light Reactions Chloroplast Figure 10.6-1
Figure 10.6 An overview of photosynthesis: cooperation of the light reactions and the Calvin cycle.
Chloroplast 24

25. H2O Light NADP ADP + P i Light Reactions ATP NADPH Chloroplast O2
Figure
H2O
Light
NADP
ADP
+ P i
Light Reactions
ATP
Figure 10.6 An overview of photosynthesis: cooperation of the light reactions and the Calvin cycle.
NADPH
Chloroplast O2 25

26. Calvin Cycle Light Reactions
Figure
H2O
CO2
Light
NADP
ADP
+ P i
Calvin Cycle
Light Reactions
ATP
Figure 10.6 An overview of photosynthesis: cooperation of the light reactions and the Calvin cycle.
NADPH
Chloroplast O2 26

27. Calvin Cycle Light Reactions [CH2O] (sugar)
Figure
H2O
CO2
Light
NADP
ADP
+ P i
Calvin Cycle
Light Reactions
ATP
Figure 10.6 An overview of photosynthesis: cooperation of the light reactions and the Calvin cycle.
NADPH
Chloroplast
[CH2O] (sugar) O2 27

28. Reading Assignment Already started Chapter 10 Notes Start on page 192
Think about what you are doing!
Draw figures
Read and then summarize
Leave yourself room to add information

29. Business Turn in: CELL RESPIRATION LAB
Finish 10.2 Notes (through 197) for tomorrow
Know that we will take notes through 10.3, so if you prefer to read that at home or want to start doing that GO RIGHT AHEAD!

30. Species of the day 12/08 Volvox (Algae) -Volvox carteri

31. Species of the day 12/08 Volvox (Algae) -Volvox carteri
Does this photosynthetic Algae still need to do Cellular Respiration? Explain