1. Sushi Roulette In the Japanese game show Sushi Roulette, the contestant spins a large wheel that’s divided into 12 equal sections. Nine of the sections have a sushi roll, and three have a “wasabi bomb.” When the wheel stops, the contestant must eat whatever food is on that section. To win the game, the contestant must eat one wasabi bomb. Find the probability that it takes 3 or more spins for the contestant to get a wasabi bomb. Show your method clearly. 3.1

2. Knee Surgery Patients receiving artificial knees often experience pain after surgery. The pain is measured on a subjective scale with possible values of 1(low) to 5 (high). Let X be the pain score for a randomly selected patient. The following table gives part of the probability distribution for X. Value12345 Probability0.10.20.3 ?? 0.0958

3. a)Find P(X = 5) b)If two patients who received artificial knees are chosen at random, what’s the probability that both of them report pain scores of 1 or 2? c)Compute the mean and standard deviation of X.

4. Keno Matches01234 Probability0.3080.4330.2130.0430.003 Payout$0 $1$3$120 0.7787

6. Winner, Winner, Chicken Dinner As a special promotion for its 20 –ounce bottles of soda, a soft drink company printed a message on the inside of each cap. Some of the caps said, “Please try again,” while others said, “You’re a winner!” The company advertised the promotion with the slogan “1 in 6 wins a prize.” Suppose the company is telling the truth and that every 20- ounce bottle of soda it fills has a 1-in-6 chance of being a winner. Seven friends each buy one 20- ounce bottle of the soda at a local convenience store. Let X = the number who win a prize. P(B|A) = P(B) = 0.5; Yes

7. a)Explain why X is a binomial random variable. b)Find the mean and standard deviation of X. Interpret each value in context. c)The store clerk is surprised when three of the friends win a prize. Is this group of friends just lucky, or is the company’s 1-in-6 claim inaccurate? Compute P(X > 3) and use the result to justify your answer.

8. Cranky Mower To start her old mower, Rita has to pull a cord and hope for some luck. On any particular pull, the mower has a 20% chance of starting. a)Find the probability that it takes her exactly 3 pulls to start the mower. b)Find the probability that it takes her more than 10 pulls to start the mower. 0.5625

9. 12,000 Miles & Running A study of 12,000 able-bodied male students at the University of Illinois found that their times for the mile run were approximately Normal with mean 7.11 minutes and standard deviation 0.74 minutes. Choose a student at random from this group and call his time for the mile Y. Find P(Y < 6) and interpret the result. 47.3

10. Too much juice? A company has developed a drug test to detect steroid use by athletes. The test is accurate 95% of the time when an athlete has taken steroids. It is 97% accurate when an athlete hasn’t taken steroids. Suppose that the drug test will be used in a population of athletes in which 10% have actually taken steroids. Let’s choose an athlete at random and administer the drug test. 0.0668

11. a)Make a tree diagram showing the sample space of this chance process. b)What’s the probability that the randomly selected athlete tests positive? c)Suppose that the chosen athlete tests positive. What’s the probability that he or she actually used steroids?

12. Johnny’s Pizza You work at Johnny’s pizza shop. You have the following information about the 7 pizzas in the oven: 3 of the 7 have thick crust, and of these 1 has only sausage and 2 have only mushrooms. The remaining 4 pizzas have regular crust, and of these 2 have only sausage and 2 have only mushrooms. Choose a pizza at random from the oven. 14.71

13. a)Are the events {getting a thick-crust pizza) and {getting a pizza with mushrooms} independent? Explain. b)You add an eighth pizza to the oven. This pizza has thick crust with only cheese. Now are the events {getting a thick-crust pizza) and {getting a pizza with mushrooms} independent? Explain.

14. Too cool for the cabin? 0.1074

16. Solutions Sushi Roulette – Success = landing on wasabi bomb – 2 outcomes, independent trials, probability of success is the same from spin to spin, considering the number and types of sections remain the same between spins (p =.25) – We do not know the number of spins the contestant will take, making this variable a geometric random variable – Let X = # of spins until contestant lands on wasabi bomb – P(X > 3) = P(1 st 2 spins are sushi rolls) = (1 -.25) 2 =.5625

17. Knee Surgery a)P(X = 5) = 1 – P(X < 4) = 1 – 0.9 = 0.1 b)P(X = 1 or X = 2) = P(one patient reports 1 or 2) =.1 +.2 =.3 P(two patients report 1 or 2) = P(patient 1 AND patient 2 report 1 or 2) = (.3) 2 = 0.09 c)

18. Keno

19. Winner, Winner, Chicken Dinner

20. Cranky Mower This is a geometric setting… – Success = the mower cranks – Assume attempts are independent. (In practice, this may not be true.) – Probability of success does not change from attempt to attempt (p = 0.2) – The number of attempts to be made is unknown a)Let X = # of attempts until mower cranks. Then P(X = 3) = (1 – 0.2) 2 (0.2) = 0.128 b)P(X > 10) = P(mower did not crank the 1 st ten times) = (1 – 0.2) 10 = 0.1074

21. 12,000 Miles & Running

22. Too much juice? Steroids?Yes = 0.1 Positive Result |Yes = 0.95 Negative Result |Yes = 0.05 No = 0.9 Positive Result|No = 0.03 Negative Result |No = 0.97

23. Johnny’s Pizza

24. Too cool for the cabin?