1. Chapter 11 Review GENETICS

2. Who is the “Father of Genetics”? Gregor Mendel When 2 alleles DON’T BLEND but BOTH SHOW TOGETHER like in A B blood type, it is called _______________ Codominance incomplete dominance codominance

3. Transmission of characteristics from parents to offspring is called ___________________. _____________ is the study of heredity. heredity Genetics

4. __________________ = An allele that IS MASKED BY the presence of another allele RECESSIVE The appearance of an organism is its _____________ phenotype

5. Another name for heterozygous hybrid The diagram at the right is called a _____________ Punnett square

6. __________________ = An allele that MASKS the presence of another allele Red and white flowers producing pink offspring is an example of _______________________ Codominance incomplete dominance DOMINANT Incomplete dominance

7. A recessive gene is represented by a _________________ letter. lower case The way an organisms looks is called its ____________________ phenotype

8. _______________ are different gene choices for a trait. ALLELES

9. A dominant gene is represented by a ____________ letter. (usually the first letter of the trait) capital When a heterozygous individual shows a blending of 2 alleles instead of one being dominant over the other it is called ___________ ____________. Incomplete dominance

10. When both alleles in the pair are the SAME the organism is _______________ or __________ F1 HOMOZYGOUS PURE The offspring of the P 1 generation are called the ____ generation

11. R = red flowers r = white flowers Red pink An Rr organism would have ____________ flowers if this trait was COMPLETELY DOMINANT. An Rr organism would have ____________ flowers if this trait was INCOMPLETELY DOMINANT. An Rr organism would have ______________ flowers if this trait was CODOMINANT. BOTH red & white

12. Give an example of a trait that shows incomplete dominance flower color in Four o’clocks True; Type O is the universal donor TRUE or FALSE A person with Type O blood could be a blood donor for a person with Type AB blood.

13. When both alleles in the pair are DIFFERENT the organism is _________________ or _____________ HETEROZYGOUS HYBRID monohyrid A cross that involves only 1 trait is called a ____________ cross.

14. T = Tall t = short The genotype of the offspring from the cross at the right is _________. Their phenotype is _________. Tt tall

15. Which of the following genotypes is homozygous? TT Ww Bb rr mm BB Tt TT rr mm BB pure Another name for homozygous is ________.

16. In the cross at the right __________ is dominant for flower color. red Tt Mm Rr Which of the following genotypes is from a heterozygous organism? Tt SS bb Mm Rr kk

17. Crossing a red haired horse with a white haired horse produces a roan colored horse. (Both alleles for hair color show together). This kind of inheritance is called ___________________ Co-dominance

18. What type of genotype is used to make a test cross? Homozygous recessive F2 Crossing individuals from the F 1 generation produces the ____ generation.

19. In guinea pigs, black fur (B) is dominant over brown fur (b). If a black Guinea pig is crossed with a brownGuinea pig and the litter contains a brown baby, the genotype of the black parent is probably BBBb bb Bb; Must have one B to be black must have one b to pass on to baby

20. L = Blue legs l = yellow legs Blue green An Rr organism would have ____________ legs if this trait was COMPLETELY DOMINANT. An Rr organism would have ____________ legs if this trait was INCOMPLETELY DOMINANT. An Rr organism would have ______________ legs if this trait was CODOMINANT. BOTH Blue & yellow

21. Which blood type is the universal recipient? AB A person with this type of blood could DONATE to Type __________blood A or AB

22. Draw a picture of a blood cell from a person with Type AB blood. This person could give blood to an individual with type ________ blood. This blood type is called the universal _________________. AB RECIPIENT

23. Draw a picture of a blood cell from a person with Type O blood. This blood type is called the universal _________________. DONOR No change. There are NO A, B, or O proteins on the surface of a type O cell.

24. Draw a picture of a blood cell from a person with Type A blood. This person could give blood to an individual with type __________ blood A or AB

25. Draw a picture of a blood cell from a person with Type B blood. This person could give blood to an individual with type __________ blood B or AB

26. Name another blood type you learned about besides the A,B,O system. Rh (positive and negative) glycoproteins Tell the molecule found on the surface of cells which helps cells recognize “self” and provides blood types

27. The parents in this cross are _____________ Homozygous Heterozygous Heterozygous If G is dominant for green pods and g is recessive for yellow pods, what percentage of the offspring will have green pods? _______% 75 GGGg gg G g G g

28. Bb B b The genotype of the offspring in the blue box is _______ bb The offspring in the blue box is homozygous heterozygous homozygous

29. Bb B b In guinea pigs black fur (B) is dominant over brown fur (b). The Punnett square for a cross between a HETEROZYGOUS black guinea pig and a PURE brown guinea pig would look like This is the Correct setup Heterozygous = Bb Pure brown = bb BB b b Bb b b Bb B B Another name for pure is _________________ homozygous

30. Ao A AAAo B ABBo F A & B are codominant The alleles for blood type show 2 kinds of inheritance.. The following statements are TRUE or FALSE? A is dominant over B. O is dominant over A. A is dominant over O. B and A are co-dominant A is incompletely dominant over O. O is recessive to A and to B F O is recessive to both A & B T T F T

31. An organism has the genotype Xy. What are the possible sperm it can produce? ______ ______ THINK ABOUT IT: If females have an XX genotype and can only give X genes, which parent is the one that determines whether the baby is a boy or girl? X y Father ; The mother always gives an X If the father gives a y, it’s a boy. If the father gives an X; it’s a girl.

32. What are the possible phenotypes of their offspring? (% and color) Red throats (R) are dominant over white (r) throats in Goonie birds. Make a cross between a PURE RECESSIVE and a HETEROZYGOUS Goonie bird. 50% red throats 50% white throats Rr rr R r r

33. What are the possible phenotypes of their offspring? (% and color) Black eyes (B) are dominant over red eyes (b) in rats. Make a cross between two HETEROZYGOUS rats. 75 % black eyes 25% red eyes B b B b BB Bb Bb bb

34. The parents in this cross are _____________ Homozygous Heterozygous Homozygous If W is dominant for long wings and w is recessive for short wings, what percentage of these offspring will have short wings? _______% 0% only ww makes it short

35. Who is the “Father of Genetics”? Gregor Mendel Which of the following genotypes could be from a HETEROZYGOUS organism? TT Rr Ww bb XX Ss Rr Ww Ss

36. What kind of cross is this? Pure dominant X pure recessive Heterozygous X heterozygous Heterozygous X homozygous Hybrid recessive X hybrid pure Heterozygous X Homozygous Another name for heterozygous is _______________ hybrid

37. What is the probability the offspring will have straight tails? In Reebops curly tails (T) are dominant over straight tails (t). Make a cross between a HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT and a HOMOZYGOUS RECESSIVE Reebop. 0% All will be Curly tailed (Tt) Tt Tt Tt T T t

38. Aa A a The genotype of the offspring in the blue box is _______ homozygous heterozygous heterozygous How many of the offspring from this cross will show the dominant characteristic? ¾ (75%) – AA and Aa

39. Gg G GGGg g gg G is dominant for green pods. g is recessive for yellow pods. What is the genotype of the offspring in the shaded box? Gg What is the phenotype of the offspring in the shaded box? Green pods

40. What are the probable blood types of the offspring? What are the possible offspring of a cross between a blood type AB mom and a type O dad? 50% Type A 50% Type B Ao Bo A B O

41. What will the offspring be like? (% and color) Purple (P)is the dominant color for monsters. Yellow is recessive (p). Make a cross between a HOMOZYGOUS purple and a yellow monster. 100% purple Pp P P p

42. What genotype would a PURPLE dad have to be to make a yellow monster baby with a Purple (Pp) mom monster? Pp ? ? pp Pp Dad needs to have: a little p to give one to the baby a big P to be purple himself

43. Wilma and Fred are going to have a baby. Fred in AA and Wilma is oo. What are the possible blood types of their baby? 100% will have A type blood Ao A A o

44. Wilma and Fred are going to have a baby. Fred in AA and Wilma is oo. What are the possible blood types of their baby? 100% will have A type blood Ao A A o