1. 11-12 June 2015, Bari-Italy Coordinating an Observation Network of Networks EnCompassing saTellite and IN-situ to fill the Gaps in European Observations Societal Benefit Area: Agriculture Name: Ian Jarvis Institution: Agriculture Canada and GEOGLAM

2.  Is your community developing a set of area- specific EVs? Yes How does Agriculture define EV? GEOGLAM (Agriculture Community of Practice), Operational activity, EV’s were defined based on monitoring needs to support policy and program development at the local, regional, national and global scales. Global Assessments National Capacity Building Early Warning for Food Insecure Nations Joint Experiments for Crop Assessment and Monitoring (JECAM), provides the R&D to support GEOGLAM operational implementation (best practices for EV development)

3.  Crop Area  Crop Type  Crop Condition  Crop Phenology  Crop Yield (forecast)  Crop Management ◦ Tillage ◦ Residue All across multiple time and space scales

4. From Defourny, 2011

5.  What criteria, methodology, and process are used to identify EVs? Top-Down and Bottom-Up Needs are defined by uses (top-down), the user community includes policy, programs, including commodity markets (AMIS) EV’s are broken down into 4-5 spatial-temporal scale classes These are then linked to the sensors and in-situ data that can deliver the required information Needs are met by operationalizing R&D (JECAM, SIGMA, etc) in a bottom-up fashion

6.  To what extent these EVs (if any) are validated and used ◦ Operational EV’s are validated extensively  Are the EVs linked to applications and users? ◦ The EV’s are driven by user needs, and the R&D activities are all focussed on developing operational outcomes that will support the :system of systems”  Who the users are? ◦ National Agricultural Monitoring : Government, commodity markets ◦ Early warning for food insecure nations : Government and NGO food security agencies ◦ Monthly global crop condition reports for the G20 Agricultural Market Information System ( AMIS-outlook.org )  How is a community agreement reached? ◦ Consensus  Is a community review process in place? ◦ Yes, for global products monthly review meetings are held to vet the AMIS cop outlooks (fusion or science based EO and Ag-Met data and regional expertise); annual+ meetings to discuss the research agenda.  Are the EVs linked to an international body (i.e. a UN convention or similar) and is this body involved in accepting the EVs? ◦ Global Outlooks: GEO host the GEOGLAM secretariat. GEOGLAM/AMIS was created in response to the G20 Action Plan on Price volatility (France 2011), and re-affirmed (Mexico 2015). ◦ Early Warning: Consensus on Early Warning Crop monitor way forward, May, 2015: Involved GEO; UN-FAO; FEWS-NET; World Food program; EC-JRC ◦ National: Developed and vetted at national level. Several nations have operational monitoring systems

7.  Do you have a database with information on the EVs? ◦ Summary crop condition reports are published on the AMIS website monthly (amis-outlook.org) ◦ Background information provided at the GEOGLAM crop monitor website: http://geoglam-crop-monitor.org/http://geoglam-crop-monitor.org/ ◦ Information on JECAM research and annual reports: JECAM.org  Do you know network currently operational for medium-term/long-term monitoring? ◦ No defined timespan, GEOGLAM has been active since 2011 and current planning horizon is med-long term (from government planning perspective)  Are the current operational networks operated by your community measuring the EVs? ◦ Yes, some EV’s are operational. Other EV’s are still in R&D domain

8. 8 Templates for Data Entry

9. USGS – Actual ET Anomaly USGS/CHG – CHIRPS Total Rainfall USGS/CHG – CHIRPS Rainfall Anomaly UMD/NASA – NDVI Anomaly JRC – Rainfall Sum Anomaly JRC – Temp Sum Anomaly TU WIEN – Soil Water Index Anomaly USDA– Soil Moisture Anomaly NOAA – Evaporative Transpiration 14

10. 10

11. The Monthly Crop Monitor Bulletin Operational since Sept 2013 8

12. Crop Conditions as of May 28 th, 2015 Crop condition map synthesizing information for all four AMIS crops. Crops that are in other than favorable conditions are displayed on the map with their crop symbol. (Cropland area shown is an aggregation of all cropland areas)

13. Commodity Specific Pie Charts Crop Conditions as of April 28 th, 2015 23

14.  For some Use Case, have you already focused on Evs’ features:  Yes, see Defourny diagram Temporal frequency Spatial resolution Accuracy etc.;  Challenges and how these are addressed (if any)  Not all nations share data and information equally  Capacity issue in food insecure nations  Strong community built on common interest and best intentions with bottom-up vision and top down mandate (G20).  Primarily driven by in-kind resources. There is a need for more funding for the GEOGLAM secretariat (glue funding)  Opportunity: Crowd sourcing crop conditions and adverse event impact on production, particularly in food insecure nations

15.  Have you already carried out a gap analysis utilizing the EVs to identify gaps and priorities in terms of: EO data availability In-situ data availability Models (algorithms) for EV extraction: direct measurements or proxies Data repositories for the long term preservation of EVs Infrastructure for EVs publication Yes, best example is current effort working with CEOS to define data needs (see next slides)

17. From: GEOGLAM Crop Monitor (UMD Coordination)

19. Can we meet the requirements with these current and planned missions? e.g. Requirement #5: - 8 days - 10-70 m - Optical - Within season Croplands

20. High failure rate with current open missions (dark blue); can do much better through coordination (red)! Meeting the Requirement for a view ≥ 70% Cloud Free within 8 days (over global in season croplands) #Satellites 1L8, S2A, S2B, R2 2L7, L8, S2A, R2 3L7, L8, R2 4L7, L8, S2A, S2B 5L8, S2A, S2B 6L7, L8, S2A 7L7, L8 Meeting the Requirement for a view ≥ 95% Cloud Free within 8 days (over global in season croplands) Whitcraft et al., 2015b, Rem. Sens.

21.  Overlapping with EVs in other domains (SBA) ◦ As we observed this morning there is significant overlap with other SBA’s (as users and producers)  Priorities for EVs in Agriculture monitoring ◦ Crop area, type, condition, phenology and yield ◦ From a sustainability context: Crop Management (tillage and residue) and link to other SBA’s (habitat biodiversity, etc)  Recommendations for GEO/GEOSS In a global context: ◦ Develop common approach to document EV’s and their observation requirements ◦ Determine areas where EV/observation integration can occur Observation from this morning: Seems to be a strong basis to pursue some of the most fundamental EV’s that cut across multiple domains in a multi-disciplinary/domain/SBA fashion