1. Aftermath of Typhoon Ondoy (Ketsana): Exploring Ecotown as a Strategy for Enhancing Climate Resilience of Metro Manila, Philippines Victoria Espaldon, Lope Santos III, Alexis Lapiz, Elmer Mercado, Steve Godilano, Allan dela Cruz, Florencia Pulhin, Nic Briones, Emmanuel Lleva, and Rey Alo

2. Outline of Presentation Introduction Socioeconomic Impacts Responses to Climate Extremes Story of Ecotown in Upper Marikina River Basin Protected Landscape – Components, Process, and People Participation – Selected Results of Vulnerability Assessment – Prioritization of CCA options Road Map to Climate Resilience

3. Image source: http://philippinebelt.comcategory/business-investment

4. Profile of Typhoon Ondoy Date: 25-27 September 2009 Highest wind speed: 167 km/h Total fatality: Total 740 Damage in Pesos: 11 B Profile of Typhoon Ondoy Date: 25-27 September 2009 Highest wind speed: 167 km/h Total fatality: Total 740 Damage in Pesos: 11 B

5. Some Socioeconomic Impacts (IPC 2011, Comiso et al 2014, PIDS 2012) Livelihoods and socioeconomic Social relations and cohesion Displacement and resettlement Health impacts

6. Livelihoods and socioeconomic Reduction in income due to loss of assets and capital caused by disaster, resorted to less capital intensive, less stable and less profitable occupations (Institute of Philippine Culture, 2011)

7. Decline of profit among small business Overseas income, where available, infuse lost assets and capitals Food or cash for work Conditional cash transfer Credit or grants

8. (IPC, 2011)

9. Women, youth and children

10. Housing and relocation

11. Bayan ni Juan Southville

12. Waters from the degraded watersheds of Metro Manila

13. Some Responses to Typhoon Ondoy Insurance sector (Risk Transfer) Increased public funds allocation to education and health Services Enhanced infrastructure design standards Climate sensitive and responsive governance (Approval of the Climate Change Act of 2009, DRRM, NCCAP)

14. ECOTOWN AS A STRATEGY TOWARDS RESILIENCE OF METRO MANILA, PHILIPPINES The aftermath of Typhoon Ondoy:

15. What is an ecotown? A planning unit composed of municipalities or a group of municipalities located within and in the boundaries of critical key biodiversity areas (forest, coastal/marine and fishery, or watersheds), highly vulnerable to climate change risks due to its geographic location, population and poverty situation (NCCAP, 2014).

17. Major Findings The Upper Marikina River Basin Protected Landscape or UMRBPL experienced rapid transformation from forest cover to built up areas; and open and grasslands from 2004- 2012. 73% of the area is vulnerable to landslide, erosion and drought (19%) and some areas to both flooding and landslide.

20. Population growth is high (2.2%) being close to Metro Manila, and at BAU annual growth rate, population can increase up to 4million by 2050.

23. Differential poverty incidence across 5 municipalities, but generally high, hence exposure and sensitivity is very high.

24. Criteria for Prioritization Urgency No regrets option Efficiency Equity and social acceptability Sustainability Replicability and scalability Environmental impacts Timing Level of implementation Bottom up vs top down

25. A list of adaptation and mitigation measures were generated from different consultations and later prioritized.

27. Investments for prioritized projects were finalized.

28. Summary of Process 1.Conduct of integrated vulnerability assessment; 2.Identification of specific vulnerabilities by specific geographic area; 3.Identification of key climate change adaptation measures based on experts opinion, local government officials and key community leaders; 4.Identification and prioritization of key criteria for selection of priority measures; 5.Ranking of priority activities by local experts, key informants and members of local communities using multiple criteria; and 6.Development of project profiles and Cost Benefit Analysis.

29. Reforestation and rehabilitation of the watershed, growing of suitable species for agro-forestry, cultivation of plant varieties, and forest protection Enforcement of environmental laws and regulations, covering forest protection, land use conversion, clean air, clean water and ecological solid waste management Building the capacity of LGUs and communities Strengthening information and knowledge management system Climate proofing of physical infrastructure Strengthening disaster preparedness of LGUs and communities Mainstreaming gender concerns and establish additional health facilities Rationalizing human settlements management Ensuring energy sufficiency and efficiency to lessen GHG emission Implementing integrated waste management Sustainable Livelihood and Economic Development Clean energy sources Revived forest and efficient environmental management Regulated built-up areas Climate Resilience and Green Growth in UMRBPL Mainstreaming of CCA/DRRM in CLUP,Local Development Plan and AIP Enhancement of UMRBPL PA Management Plan Updating of Provincial Physical Development and Framework Plan Multi- stakeholders Participation through PAMB Strategic Development Framework towards Climate Resilience and Green Growth

30. CONCLUSION The road towards climate resiliency for Metro Manila can be achieved under 5 conditions: using watershed as basis for overall planning, site specific vulnerabilities can be determined; rational population management in place, measures are prioritized to address vulnerabilities by local communities with local government units well informed by science and finally integrated into local policies, CLUPs and Annual Investment Plan. The participatory process is tedious but it can be worth local, national and international Investments. This story, however, is unfolding and needing community based monitoring of results of identified programs of action to ensure meeting the set goals.

32. Selected References Institute of Philippine Culture. 2011. The Social Impacts of Tropical Storm Ondoy and Typhoon Pepeng. Ateneo de Maniala University. 80 p. Israel, Danilo C. and R.M. Briones. 2012. Impacts of Natural Disaster on Agriculture, Food Security and Environment in the Philippines. Philippine Institute for Development Studies. 44 p. CCC, ADB, SEARCA and Ergons. 2015. Developing Ecotown as a Strategy for Climate Change Adaptation and Green Growth in the Upper Marikina River Basin Protected Landscape. Technical Report.