1. University of Texas at Austin CS395T - Advanced Image Synthesis Spring 2007 Don Fussell Participating Media & Vol. Scattering Applications Clouds, smoke, water, … Subsurface scattering: paint, skin, … Scientific/medical visualization: CT, MRI, … Topics Absorption and emission Scattering and phase functions Volume rendering equation Homogeneous media Ray tracing volumes

2. University of Texas at Austin CS395T - Advanced Image Synthesis Spring 2007 Don Fussell Absorption Absorption cross-section: Probability of being absorbed per unit length

3. University of Texas at Austin CS395T - Advanced Image Synthesis Spring 2007 Don Fussell Transmittance Optical distance or depth Homogenous media: constant

4. University of Texas at Austin CS395T - Advanced Image Synthesis Spring 2007 Don Fussell Transmittance and Opacity Transmittance Opacity

5. University of Texas at Austin CS395T - Advanced Image Synthesis Spring 2007 Don Fussell Out-Scatter Scattering cross-section: Probability of being scattered per unit length

6. University of Texas at Austin CS395T - Advanced Image Synthesis Spring 2007 Don Fussell Extinction Total cross-section Attenuation due to both absorption and scattering Albedo

7. University of Texas at Austin CS395T - Advanced Image Synthesis Spring 2007 Don Fussell Black Clouds From Greenler, Rainbows, halos and glories

8. University of Texas at Austin CS395T - Advanced Image Synthesis Spring 2007 Don Fussell In-Scatter Reciprocity Energy conserving Phase function

9. University of Texas at Austin CS395T - Advanced Image Synthesis Spring 2007 Don Fussell Phase Functions Phase angle Phase functions (from the phase of the moon) 1.Isotropic -simple 2.Rayleigh -molecules 3. Mie scattering - small spheres... Huge literature...

10. University of Texas at Austin CS395T - Advanced Image Synthesis Spring 2007 Don Fussell Blue Sky = Red Sunset From Greenler, Rainbows, halos and glories

11. University of Texas at Austin CS395T - Advanced Image Synthesis Spring 2007 Don Fussell Coronas and Halos Moon CoronaSun Halos From Greenler, Rainbows, halos and glories

12. University of Texas at Austin CS395T - Advanced Image Synthesis Spring 2007 Don Fussell Henyey-Greenstein Phase Function Empirical phase function g : average phase angle g = -0.3 g = 0.6

13. University of Texas at Austin CS395T - Advanced Image Synthesis Spring 2007 Don Fussell The Volume Rendering Equation Integro-differential equation Integro-integral equation Attenuation: Absorption and scattering Source: Scatter (+ emission)

14. University of Texas at Austin CS395T - Advanced Image Synthesis Spring 2007 Don Fussell Simple Atmosphere Model Assumptions Homogenous media Constant source term (airlight) Fog Haze

15. University of Texas at Austin CS395T - Advanced Image Synthesis Spring 2007 Don Fussell The Sky From Greenler, Rainbows, halos and glories

16. University of Texas at Austin CS395T - Advanced Image Synthesis Spring 2007 Don Fussell Atmospheric Perspective From Greenler, Rainbows, halos and glories

17. University of Texas at Austin CS395T - Advanced Image Synthesis Spring 2007 Don Fussell Atmospheric Perspective Aerial Perspective: loss of contrast and change in color From Musgrave

18. University of Texas at Austin CS395T - Advanced Image Synthesis Spring 2007 Don Fussell Semi-Infinite Homogenous Media Reduced Intensity Effective source term Volume rendering equation Integrating over depths

19. University of Texas at Austin CS395T - Advanced Image Synthesis Spring 2007 Don Fussell Semi-Infinite Homogenous Media Integrating over depths

20. University of Texas at Austin CS395T - Advanced Image Synthesis Spring 2007 Don Fussell Semi-Infinite Homogenous Media BRDF Lommel-Seeliger Law for Diffuse Reflection

21. University of Texas at Austin CS395T - Advanced Image Synthesis Spring 2007 Don Fussell Subsurface Scattering Skin

22. University of Texas at Austin CS395T - Advanced Image Synthesis Spring 2007 Don Fussell Volume Representations 3D arrays (uniform rectangular) CT data 3D meshes CFD, mechanical simulation Simple shapes with solid texture Ellipsoidal clouds with sum-of-sines densities Hypertexture

23. University of Texas at Austin CS395T - Advanced Image Synthesis Spring 2007 Don Fussell Scalar Volumes Interpolation Map scalars to optical properties Voxel

24. University of Texas at Austin CS395T - Advanced Image Synthesis Spring 2007 Don Fussell Scalar Volumes Scatter Voxel

25. University of Texas at Austin CS395T - Advanced Image Synthesis Spring 2007 Don Fussell Ray Marching Primary ray Direct Lighting

26. University of Texas at Austin CS395T - Advanced Image Synthesis Spring 2007 Don Fussell Ray Marching Shadow ray Direct Lighting

27. University of Texas at Austin CS395T - Advanced Image Synthesis Spring 2007 Don Fussell Beams of Light From Greenler, Rainbows, halos and glories From Minneart, Color and light in the open air

28. University of Texas at Austin CS395T - Advanced Image Synthesis Spring 2007 Don Fussell Color and Opacity Volumes M. Levoy, Ray tracing volume densities Voxel

29. University of Texas at Austin CS395T - Advanced Image Synthesis Spring 2007 Don Fussell Ray Marching Primary ray Direct Lighting

30. University of Texas at Austin CS395T - Advanced Image Synthesis Spring 2007 Don Fussell Volume Rendering Examples From Marc Levoy From Karl Heinz Hoehne