1. CAMILLO GOLGI NOBEL PRIZE FOR THE “BLACK STAIN”

2. FIRST PICTURE OF GOLGI COMPLEX (STAINED WITH GOLGI’S BLACK STAIN) CELL BODY OF NEURON AXON

3. RAMON Y CAJAL USED GOLGI’S “BLACK STAIN” TO SHOW NEURONS ARE INDIVIDUAL CELLS

6. RAMON Y CAJAL IN HIS LAB

7. digitalimagingu.com/galleries/digitalvideo/sp...

9. Wellmann & Heuser '95. Trends cell Biol. 5, 303

10. http://publications.nigms.nih.gov/insidethecell/chapter1.html National Institute of General Medical Sciences By Alisa Zapp Machalek

11. http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v441/n7096/extref/nature04717-s16.movwww.nature.com/nature/journal/v441/n7096/extref/nature04717-s16.mov http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v441/n7096/extref/nature04717-s16.movwww.nature.com/nature/journal/v441/n7096/extref/nature04717-s16.mov

16. SCALES PLASMA MEMBRANE.......... RER TRANSPORT VESICLES CIS-CISTERNA TRANS-CISTERNA (aka TGN) ????? SECRETORY VESICLE EXOCYTOSIS SCALE FORMATION IN A PROTOZOAN THE DEVELOPING SCALES IN THE GOLGI BODY CANNOT FIT INTO TRANSPORT VESICLES!

17. J. Cell Sci. 36, 437-459 0979) 437 Printed in Great Britain © Company of Biologists Limited 1979

19. DEVELOPMENT OF SCALES IN Pyranimonas

23. SCALE FORMATION IN CHRYSOPHYCEAN ALGAE I. Cellulosic and Noncellulosic Wall Components Made by the Golgi Apparatus R. Malcolm Brown, Jr., Werner W. Franke, Hans Kleinig, Heinz Falk, and Peter Sitte Cell Biol. 1970 May 1; 45(2): 246–271. Pleurochrysis scherfellii

24. CHLOROPLAST WALL MADE OF THIN SCALES

29. http://publications.nigms.nih.gov/insidethecell/chapter1.html National Institute of General Medical Sciences By Alisa Zapp Machalek

30. (Nature review, Molecular Cell Biology, vol 31, August 2002, 615) Jennifer Lippincott-Schwartz and Kristien J.M. Zaal

32. Kristin M. Hager Assistant Professor Ph.D., University of Alabama- Birmingham Postdoctoral Fellowship, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine Molecular and Cell Biology of Pathogenic Protozoa e-maile-mail | labpagelabpage We believe that the protozoan parasite, Toxoplasma gondii, is spectacularly successful due to its ability to secrete proteins that allow it to interact with virtually *any* nucleated host cell during invasion and intracellular survival. A key step in protein secretion is the organisms' ability to synthesize and properly target these invasion/maintenance proteins to their respective organelles. Our laboratory is interested in dissecting the central steps involved in these phenomena and in general are interested in intracellular trafficking of proteins in protozoan parasites.

35. 1. Ultrastructure of a Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoite. The conoid defines the apical end of the parasite and is thought to be associated with the penetration of the host cell. Micronemes, rhoptries and dense granules are the three major secretory organelles, found predominately at the apical end of the parasite. Microneme proteins are released very early in the invasion process, facilitating host-cell binding and gliding motility. Rhoptry proteins are also released during invasion, and can be detected within the lumen and membrane of the newly generated parasitophorous vacuole (PV). Dense-granule proteins are released during and after the formation of the PV, modifying the PV environment for intracellular survival and replication of the parasite. The apicoplast is a plastid-like four-membrane organelle containing a 35 kb circular DNA. Most of the proteins functioning within the organelle are encoded by the nucleus, and are specifically targeted to the apicoplast. This targeting involves the secretory pathway, including the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and a Golgi body situated immediately apical to the nucleus. Targeted proteins have a bipartite N- terminal extension, consisting of an ER signal sequence followed by a plastid transit peptide. T. gondii cells have a single nucleus and a single mitochondrion. It is hypothesised that reliance on the mitochondrion for cellular metabolism differs according to the life-cycle stage of the parasite (fig001jac).

39. www.abcam.com/index.html?pageconfig=resource... Dr Tony Jackson