1. The
American
Revolution:

2. On the Eve of the Revolution
Britain
Americans
Adv.
Strong, well trained army & navy
Superior line officers
Loyalist & Indian Allies
Home turf
Superior weapons & marksmen
Inspired Cause
Disadv.
3,000 miles
Unfamiliar battlefronts
Weak military leaders in command
Untrained, undisciplined troops
No navy
Shortage of ammunition
No Government
Vulnerable Civilian Population

3. Loyalist Strongholds Royal Officials Anglican Clergy
Wealthy with economic ties to England

4. Washington’s Headaches
Only 1/3 of the colonists were in favor of a war for independence [the other third were Loyalists, and the final third were neutral].
State/colony loyalties.
Congress couldn’t tax to raise money for the Continental Army.
Poor training [until the arrival of Baron von Steuben.

5. Military Strategies The Americans The British
Attrition [the Brits had a long supply line].
Guerilla tactics [fight an insurgent war  you don’t have to win a battle, just wear the British down]
Make an alliance with France.
Break the colonies in half by getting between the No. & the So.
Blockade the ports to prevent the flow of goods and supplies from an ally.
“Divide and Conquer”  use the Loyalists.

6. Exports & Imports:

7. Phase I: The Northern Campaign [1775-1776]

8. The British suffered over 40% casualties.
Bunker Hill (June, 1775)
The British suffered over 40% casualties.

9. Phase II:
NY & PA [ ]

10. New York City in Flames (1776)

11. Washington Crossing the Delaware Painted by Emanuel Leutze, 1851

12. A modern-day re-enactment
Saratoga: “Turning Point” of the War?
A modern-day re-enactment

13. Phase III: The Southern Strategy [1780-1781]

14. Britain’s “Southern Strategy”
Britain thought that there were more Loyalists in the South.
Southern resources were more valuable/worth preserving.
The British win a number of small victories, but cannot pacify the countryside [similar to U. S. failures in Vietnam!]
Good US General: Nathanial Greene

15. The Battle of Yorktown (1781)
Count de Rochambeau
Admiral De Grasse

16. Cornwallis’ Surrender at Yorktown:
“The World Turned Upside Down!”
Painted by John Trumbull, 1797

17. Why did the British Lose?
Weak British leadership
George Washington
American People: 1/3 zealous patriots who accepted worthless continental bills to supply the army
French Alliance

18. Wholesale Price Index: 1770-1789

19. North America After the Treaty of Paris, 1783

20. Impact of
the American
Revolution

21. State Constitutions Republicanism.
Most had strong governors with veto power.
Most had bicameral legislatures.
Property required for voting.
Some had universal white male suffrage.
Most had bills of rights.
Many had a continuation of state-established religions while others disestablished religion.

22. Pennsylvania Abolished property qualifications for voting No governor
Free elementary education
No imprisonment for debt

23. Occupational Composition of Several State Assemblies in the 1780s

24. Indian Land Cessions: 1768-1799

25. British Indian Allies Abandoned
Battle of Vincennes: George Rogers Clark defeated Shawnee, Cherokee & Delawares>American claim to Ohio Valley
Iroquois leader Joseph Brant (Thayendanegea) led 4 of 6 tribes to join British (other 2 joined colonists)
All Iroquois lost New York land moved to Canada
No Native American element to treaty

26. Women & the Revolution Saltpeter & homespun Molly Pitchers
Judith Sargent Murray “On Equality of the Sexes” 1779
Abigail Adams & companionate marriage
Sought Property rights for single and widowed women
New Jersey suffrage for “all property holders” until 1807 when “white men only” provision added.
Republican Motherhood

27. Revolution & Slavery Lord Dunmore’s Ethiopian Regiment in Virginia
300,000 slaves joined British
Free Black loyalists relocated to Canada & Sierra Leone
1782 Virginia manumission act freed 10,000 slaves
Quock Walker sued for his freedom in Massachusetts & won, 1784
Gradual emancipation of slaves in North