1. Quality Model for RE Process Copyright, 2000 © Jerzy R. Nawrocki Jerzy.Nawrocki@put.poznan.pl www.cs.put.poznan.pl/jnawrocki/mse/quality/ Quality Management Lecture 2 Quality Management Lecture 2

2. J. Nawrocki, Quality Manag., Lecture 2 Plan of the lecture Overview of RE guidelines Scoring Maturity levels for RE Basic guidelines Intermediate guidelines Advanced guidelines Grading rules

3. J. Nawrocki, Quality Manag., Lecture 2 Overview of RE guidelines The requirements document Requirements elicitation Reqs analysis & negotiation Describing requirements System modelling Requirements validation Requirements management RE for critical systems BasicIntermAdv 8 6 5 4 3 4 4 2 36 - 6 2 1 3 3 3 3 21 - 1 1 - - 1 2 4 9

4. J. Nawrocki, Quality Manag., Lecture 2 ScoringScoring 3 - standardised: documented standard followed and checked as part of the quality management process; 2 - normal use: widely followed but not mandatory; 1 - discretionary use: used at discretion of project manager; 0 - never: never or very rarely used; 3 0

5. J. Nawrocki, Quality Manag., Lecture 2 Maturity levels for RE Defined > 85 Basic & > 40 Interm & Adv Defined > 85 Basic & > 40 Interm & Adv Repeatable > 55 Basic & < 40 Interm & Adv Repeatable > 55 Basic & < 40 Interm & Adv Initial < 55 Basic Initial < 55 Basic

6. J. Nawrocki, Quality Manag., Lecture 2 Legend for RE quidelines Responsibility of Project Managers Responsibility of SDS Senior Managers or Quality AssurersResponsibility of SDS Senior Managers or Quality Assurers At a discretion of Project Managers

7. J. Nawrocki, Quality Manag., Lecture 2 Basic guidelines Requirements document Define a standard document structure Explain how to use the document Include a summary of the requirements Make a business case for the system Define specialised terms Lay out the document for readability Help readers find information Make the document easy to change 

8. J. Nawrocki, Quality Manag., Lecture 2 Basic guidelines Requirements elicitation Assess system feasibility Be sensitive to organisational & political considerations Identify and consult stakeholders Record requirement sources Define operating environment Use business concerns to drive requirements elicitation Give me a crocodile!

9. J. Nawrocki, Quality Manag., Lecture 2 Basic guidelines Analysis and negotiation Define system boundaries Use checklists for requirements analysis Provide software to support negotiations Plan for conflicts and conflict resolution Prioritise requirements

10. J. Nawrocki, Quality Manag., Lecture 2 Basic guidelines Describing requirements Define standard templates for describing requirements Use language simply & concisely Use diagrams appropriately Supplement natural language with other descriptions of requirements

11. J. Nawrocki, Quality Manag., Lecture 2 Basic guidelines System modelling Develop complementary system models Model the system’s environment Model the system architecture

12. J. Nawrocki, Quality Manag., Lecture 2 Basic guidelines Requirements validation Check that the requirements document meets your standard Organise formal requirements inspections Use multidisciplinary teams to review requirements Define validation checklists 

13. J. Nawrocki, Quality Manag., Lecture 2 Basic guidelines Requirements management Uniquely identify each requirement Define policies for requirements management Define traceability policies Maintain a traceability manual

14. J. Nawrocki, Quality Manag., Lecture 2 Basic guidelines RE for critical systems Create safety requirements checklists Involve external reviewers in the validation process

15. J. Nawrocki, Quality Manag., Lecture 2 Intermediate guidelines Requirements elicitation Look for domain constraints Record requirements rationale Collect requirements from multiple viewpoints Prototype poorly understood requirements Use scenarios Define operational processes Give me a crocodile!

16. J. Nawrocki, Quality Manag., Lecture 2 Intermediate guidelines Analysis and negotiation Classify requirements using using a multidimensional approach Use interaction matrices to find conflicts and overlaps

17. J. Nawrocki, Quality Manag., Lecture 2 Intermediate guidelines Describing requirements Specify requirements quantitatively

18. J. Nawrocki, Quality Manag., Lecture 2 Intermediate guidelines System modelling Use structured methods for system modelling Use a data dictionary Document the links between stakeholder requirements and system models

19. J. Nawrocki, Quality Manag., Lecture 2 Intermediate guidelines Requirements validation Use prototyping to animate requirements Write a draft user manual Propose requirements test cases 

20. J. Nawrocki, Quality Manag., Lecture 2 Intermediate guidelines Requirements management Use a database to manage requirements Define change management policies Identify global system requirements

21. J. Nawrocki, Quality Manag., Lecture 2 Intermediate guidelines RE for critical systems Identify and analyse hazards Derive safety requirements from hazard analysis Cross-check operational and functional requirements against safety requirements

22. J. Nawrocki, Quality Manag., Lecture 2 Advanced guidelines Requirements elicitation Reuse requirements Give me a crocodile!

23. J. Nawrocki, Quality Manag., Lecture 2 Advanced guidelines Analysis and negotiation Assess requirements risks

24. J. Nawrocki, Quality Manag., Lecture 2 Advanced guidelines Requirements validation Paraphrase system models 

25. J. Nawrocki, Quality Manag., Lecture 2 Advanced guidelines Requirements management Identify volatile requirements Record rejected requirements

26. J. Nawrocki, Quality Manag., Lecture 2 Advanced guidelines RE for critical systems Specify systems using formal specification Collect incident experience Learn from incident experience Establish an organisational safety culture

27. J. Nawrocki, Quality Manag., Lecture 2 Grading rules RE practices vs. grades 33: good (4.0) 35: more than good (4.5) 37: very good (5.0) Excellent! Basic 19 x 3 = 57 12 x 3 = 36 Interm & Adv 14 x 3 = 42 -

28. J. Nawrocki, Quality Manag., Lecture 2 SummarySummary Practice-based quality model Our goal = Defined level: > 85 Basic > 40 Interm & Adv

29. J. Nawrocki, Quality Manag., Lecture 2 Further readings I. Sommerville, P. Sawyer, Requirements Engineering, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, 1997. 

30. J. Nawrocki, Quality Manag., Lecture 2 HomeworkHomework Assess maturity of RE processes in your last-year SDS project Write an HTML document (Requirements Management Policy) describing the list of guidelines you are willing to follow this year

31. J. Nawrocki, Quality Manag., Lecture 2 Quality assessment 1. What is your general impression? (1 - 6) 2. Was it too slow or too fast? 3. What important did you learn during the lecture? 4. What to improve and how?