1. CELLS Structure and Function Cell = smallest unit of life

2. Two Major Cell Types Cell Type Example Prokaryotic Archaea Bacteria EukaryoticProtistsFungiPlantsAnimals

3. Prokaryotic Cell

4. Eukaryotic Cell (protist, animal)

5. Eukaryotic Cell (plant)

6. Components Common to All Cells Plasma MembranePlasma Membrane boundary surrounding the cell Genetic material: DNA found in one or more chromosomesGenetic material: DNA found in one or more chromosomes CytoplasmCytoplasm Fluid containing enzymes and organelles

7. Differences Between Cell Types Prokaryotic Cell Eukaryotic Cell Single circular chromosome Multiple linear chromosomes Chromosome found in a cytoplasmic region called the nucleoid. Chromosomes found in a membrane-bound nucleus. No internal membranes Some infolded plasma membrane Extensive network of internal membranes Specialized areas called organelles

8. Features of All Prokaryotic Cells StructureFunction Plasma Membrane Regulates flow of substances into and out of cell Nucleoid Cytoplasmic region containing genetic material Cytoplasm Cytosol: fluid Ribosomes—produce proteins Enzymes—assist in reactions

9. Features of Some Prokaryotic Cells StructureFunction(s) Cell Wall Supports cell Maintains shape Capsule or Slime Layer Protects from drying Protects against white blood cells Infolded Plasma Membranes Metabolism Cell division

10. Features of Some Prokaryotic Cells StructureFunction Bacterial Flagellum Movement Plasmid Small circular DNA Replicates independently Genes for antibiotic resistance? Pilus Surface projection used for transfer of genetic material

11. Applying Your Knowledge A.Which feature is unique to prokaryotic cells? B.Which feature is unique to eukaryotic cells? C.Which feature(s) do prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have in common? 1.Nucleus 2.Ribosome 3.Capsule 4.Cytoplasm 5.Nucleoid

12. Features of Eukaryotic Cells StructureFunction(s) Plasma Membrane 1. Regulates passage of materials 2. Cell-Cell Recognition Cell Wall (algae, plants, fungi) Cell Wall (algae, plants, fungi) 1.Controls cell shape, protects, supports 2.Made of carbohydrate

13. Features of Eukaryotic Cells StructureFunction(s) Cilia and Flagella 1.Cell movement in protists, animal sperm 2.Move substances across cell surface in lungs, fallopian tubes

14. Motion of cilia and flagella

15. Features of Eukaryotic Cells StructureFunction Centriole Gives rise to basal bodies that produce cilia or flagella

16. Features of Eukaryotic Cells StructureFunction(s) Nucleus Nucleus 1.Carrier of genetic material DNA + protein = chromatin DNA + protein = chromatin 2. Governs cell activities 3. Directs cell reproduction 4.Surrounded by Membrane = nuclear envelope 5.Contains nucleolus—produces ribosomes

17. DNA + protein = chromatin Chromosomes are composed of chromatin. Chromatin appears diffuse during most of the cell cycle. Eukaryotic Cell Nucleus

18. Features of Eukaryotic Cells StructureFunction(s) Nucleolus (inside nucleus) 1.Site of ribosome assembly Ribosomes 1.Site of protein synthesis 2.Can be free in cytoplasm or attached to membranes

19. Features of Eukaryotic Cells StructureFunction(s) Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (rer) 1.Produces proteins 2.Prepares proteins for export Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ser) 1.Lipid Synthesis 2.Drug detoxification 3.Transport of proteins from rer

20. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

21. Features of Eukaryotic Cells StructureFunction(s) Golgi Complex Collects, modifies, packages and distributes proteins from rer

23. Features of Eukaryotic Cells StructureFunction(s) Lysosome Contains digestive enzymes to digest food in protists or destroy aging organelles

24. Features of Eukaryotic Cells StructureFunction(s) Vacuole 1.Central vacuole (plants) stores waste, maintains turgidity. 2.Contractile vacuole (protists) maintains water balance. 3.Food vacuole (protists) fuses with lysosome for digestion.

26. Features of Eukaryotic Cells StructureFunction Peroxisome Removes harmful oxidants from cells Removes harmful oxidants from cells

27. Applying Your Knowledge A.Which organelle produces proteins that will be exported from the cell? B.Which organelle contains digestive enzymes? C.Which site acts as a protein packaging and distribution center? 1.Cilium 2.Rough ER 3.Golgi apparatus 4.Smooth ER 5.Lysosome

28. Features of Eukaryotic Cells StructureFunction Chloroplast Photosynthesis: Uses light energy to produce organic molecules in plants and protists

30. Features of Eukaryotic Cells StructureFunction Mitochondrion Produces energy by breaking down organic molecules Found in all eukaryotic cells

31. Features of Eukaryotic Cells StructureFunction(s) Cytoskeleton 1.Maintains cell shape 2.Allows for cell movement 3.Anchors organelles and proteins 4.Directs transport of materials

33. Thought Questions 1.What are similarities for a. eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells? b. animal and plant cells? 2. What are differences between a. eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells? b. animal and plant cells?

34. Comparing Animal and Plant Cells Animal Cell Plant Cell Nucleus Golgi Mitochondria Endoplasmic Reticulum Centrioles Chloroplasts

35. Animal Cell Plant Cell Comparing Animal and Plant Cells Nucleolus Ribosomes Central Vacuole Cell Wall

36. Analogy If the cell were a factory the ____________________ would be (name a cell component) (name a cell component) a _____________________________. (name a part of a factory)