1. Reformation Ideas Spread Section 13.4 pp. 428-433 Catherine of Aragon Anne Boleyn Henry VIII of England

2. An Explosion of Protestant Sects Anabaptists – Protestant sect that rejected baptizing infants – Some were radical and violent – Some supported religious toleration and separation of church and state

3. The English Reformation Henry VIII Wants an Annulment – Married Catherine of Aragon and produced one child, Mary Tudor. – Asked Pope Clement VII to annul his marriage Wanted to marry Anne Boleyn and produce a male heir Pope stalled for 7 years and finally denied annulment Pope Clement VII Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI

4. The English Reformation Breaking With the Church – Parliament passed the Act of Supremacy in 1534 Declared the king was the head of the Church in England – Thomas Cranmer appointed leader of the C.O.E. and granted Henry’s divorce – Henry married Anne Boleyn and had another daughter, Elizabeth.

5. The English Reformation Strengthening the Church of England – Many Catholics who opposed the Act of Supremacy were tried for treason and executed – The English government seized wealth and land owned by Catholic churches and monasteries – Still, the Church of England resembled the Catholic Church in its religious beliefs and practices

6. The English Reformation Religious Turmoil – After he died in 1547, Henry was succeeded by his son Edward VI, a Protestant – Protestant advisors to Edward take steps to make England more Protestant – After Edward died, Mary Tudor, a Catholic became Queen. She executed many Protestants and became known as “Bloody Mary” Queen Mary I

7. The English Reformation The Elizabethan Settlement – Elizabeth, a moderate Protestant, became Queen in 1558 after Mary’s death – She made compromised between Catholicism and radical Protestants in the Church of England – Under her reign, England was unified and powerful Queen Elizabeth I

8. The Catholic Reformation The Council of Trent (1545) – Reaffirmed Catholic teachings Salvation comes from faith and good works The Bible isn’t the sole source of truth – Took steps to end abuses in the Church Stiff penalties for worldliness and corruption Better educated clergy who could defend faith Forbid sale of indulgences

9. The Catholic Reformation The Inquisition – Church court established to investigate heresy – Used secret testimony and torture

10. The Catholic Reformation Ignatius of Loyola – Founded Jesuit Order Combated Heresy Spread Catholic Faith Disciplined, Well- Trained, and Obedient – Jesuits Fought the Reformation Became Advisors to Monarchs Created Religious Schools Became Missionaries Ignatius of Loyola