1. Guidelines for Assessing the Impact of Natural Disasters on Livelihoods, Employment and Social Protection ILO Programme on Crisis Response and reconstruction (ILO/CRISIS)

2. Defining the baseline data ILO Programme on Crisis Response and reconstruction (ILO/CRISIS)

3. Where are we? Livelihood Baseline PRE-DISASTER PHASE POST-DISASTER ASSESSMENT AND APPEAL PHASE DETAILED PROGRAMMING PHASE Location within the assessment process

4. Establishing the livelihoods baseline scenario Objectives of livelihoods baseline data:  The livelihood baseline is intended to meet the following specific objectives: Provide a robust basis for making estimates of the impact of disasters on livelihoods; Provide a quantitative framework into which the findings of rapid and mainly qualitative studies can be located.  Livelihoods baseline information helps emergency workers know in advance about the population of the affected area.  Livelihood baseline information is an essential part of Disaster Preparedness.  Baseline data should be collected in advance, and kept updated, on areas and populations likely to suffer disasters and crisis of various sorts.  To be properly prepared, baseline data would require not only the collection and assembly of information, but a clever use of statistical and analytical skills.  Special attention must also be given to the manipulation of primary data found in sample surveys and censuses, as well as to the interpretation of secondary data and qualitative sources. About the baseline:

5. Livelihoods are based on the combination of sources of income in a household Types of livelihoods Establishing the livelihoods baseline scenario LIVELIHOOD TYPOLOGIES  Wage-work households  Employer households  Farm self-employment households  Non-farm self-employment households  No employment households (various sources of sustenance: rental income, pensions, remittances, helps from relatives, money interest, etc.)  Unemployed households  Households without information  Why is it important to collect information on livelihoods?  How to collect this information?  What are the main sources of information for livelihoods data? Establishing the baseline:

6. Typical baseline data sources for livelihoods Areas of coverage Updating baseline information Establishing the livelihoods baseline scenario Focused on households:  Population census  Household and labour force surveys  Social security records  Qualitative livelihood studies (zones, types) Focused on units of economic activity:  Agricultural census and surveys  Economic censuses and surveys Assembling the data collected

7. Establishing the livelihoods baseline scenario Census data:  Universal coverage  Provide small area resolution (villages, districts, sub districts) Survey data:  Sample  Usually provide wide area resolution only (regions, provinces) Disasters frequently hit specific areas, not entire regions or provinces:  Census data are needed to quantify features of the specific disaster area Typical baseline data sources for livelihoods Areas of coverage Updating baseline information Assembling the data collected

8. Update population numbers and composition:  Consider differences between urban and rural population growth  Consider refugee movement since last census Also:  Update should be based in recent information (5 years)  Use UN population projections for entire country  Use national projections for provinces and areas Update labour market numbers:  Consider changes in labour participation rates (by sector, age and sex)  Consider change in employment structure Establishing the livelihoods baseline scenario Typical baseline data sources for livelihoods Areas of coverage Updating baseline information Assembling the data collected

9. Assembling the data:  The various pieces of information collected for the baseline should be assembled with the goal of qualitative and quantitatively characterizing livelihoods. Also:  There is no general recipe to do this, since the socio-economic realities and data availability vary widely. Indications and examples:  This presentation conveys only some general indications and examples, to be adapted to particular situations. Establishing the livelihoods baseline scenario Typical baseline data sources for livelihoods Areas of coverage Updating baseline information Assembling the data collected

10. ORGANIZATION TIPS Setting-up an inventory with the documents collected 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 TYPE: The type of document refers to the specific format (e.g. Excel, Word, PDF, Power Point, Photo, DAT, etc.) DESCRIPTION: It usually refers to the type of information that can be extracted from the document (e.g. labour participation rates, GDP composition, consumer price index, etc.) LOCATION: Detailing the location of the file is very useful especially when the number of documents collected is high. In general, using hyperlinks is the best and easiest way to do this. NOTES: It is also important to mention the type of use given to the document. For instance, inform if the information contained in the document was used to estimate the number of workers in a specific sector.

11. Population baseline information Age brackets should be adapted to available data Prepare tables about population in the area at risk, or most closely overlapping administrative divisions

12. Population baseline information Locate human settlements in areas at risk and put them on the map, indicating their relative size from small hamlets to towns or cities A “settlement” may be a town, a neighborhood within a town, a village, a hamlet or any other identifiable location or small area and reference date

13. Population baseline information In case household composition is available, or raw data can be re-analyzed to produce the necessary information, a table should be produce showing the various forms of household composition These forms may be adapted to local realities. A typical example may include he following forms:  Complete nuclear family  One parent with children present  A couple with no children present  Extended family  Composite group  Person living alone  Non family group

14. Livelihood assets baseline information Private assets of households

15. Livelihood assets baseline information Categories should be adapted to particular cases and availability of data Private assets of households

16. Livelihood assets baseline information Size brackets should be adapted to local distribution Private assets of households

17. Livelihood assets baseline information Private assets of households “Inadequate” walls and roofs are to be defined locally in relation to local custom and climate, and to probable disasters (e.g. flooding, earthquake)

18. Note on public and communal assets R oads Besides mapping all roads in the area, indicate cover, quality, practicability in bad weather, authority responsible for maintenance, frequency of maintenance. E lectricity and water network Indicate whether electricity is locally generated or comes from national or regional network, origin of power (hydroelectric, thermal, combined), stability f supply, frequency of blackouts or brownouts, and geographic coverage of the network. Origin of water supply, geographic coverage of distribution network, safety, stability. C ommunal facilities: Communal silos or other shared storage facilities, and other communal facilities: covered marketplace, slaughterhouse, docks, communal pastureland, etc.

19. Area and sub-areas at risk baseline information Age brackets should be adapted to available data, starting with the minimum age for census or survey questions concerning labour. If possible, one table for each relevant area (districts, municipalities, localities)

20. Area and sub-areas at risk baseline information If possible, one table for each relevant area (districts, municipalities, localities)

21. Area and sub-areas at risk baseline information

22. Sectorial breakdown may vary across countries

23. Area and sub-areas at risk baseline information

24. For each small area or locality, a table indicating the number of shops, industries or businesses is to be prepared, indicating if possible the number of total and particularly hired workers they employ.

25. Area and sub-areas at risk baseline information If re-processing raw data is not an option, data on individual employment by sector and category may be used to estimate the relative importance of individual forms of employment, but interpretation should take into account that a single household may include various kinds of employment.

26. P eriod of reference: The span of time over which the employment situation is defined or measured (e.g. on census day, or the past week, or the past month). Normally a minimum period of activity is required (e.g. “employed” people during the last week must have been employed at least one day, or at least one hour, during the week of reference). E mployment: Engagement in work activities conductive to earning personal or household income, be it monetary or not. Includes working for a wage, self-employment, and family help. The self-employed are classified as employers when they hire outside help. Family help is regarded as employed only if it is engaged in the production of goods and services for the market, or in subsistence agriculture. In some countries, a minimum number of hours of work per week (e.g. 15 hours) is required to regard family help as employed in subsistence agriculture or other activities. O pen unemployment: The condition of people not employed but actively looking for a job. Key definitions and concepts L abour force: People employed or actively looking for a job. L abour supply: People employed, actively looking for a job, or available to work if the opportunity arises. H idden unemployment: The condition of people neither employed nor openly unemployed, but available for work if the opportunity arises. TO REVISE