1. Global Climate Patterns

2. Three main physical attributes of the Earth determine global climate patterns 1.The shape of the Earth 2.Revolution of the Earth on a tilted axis 3. Rotation of the Earth about its axis

3. Global Climate Patterns The tropics are warm; the poles are cold

4. Global Climate Patterns The tropics are generally the wettest, latitudes around 30° are generally the driest, latitudes around 60° are wet, and polar latitudes are dry

5. Global Climate Patterns 1. Shape of the Earth – causes unequal heating (energy per area) with latitude

6. Global Climate Patterns 1. Shape of the Earth – differential heating and cooling causes rising and sinking air masses: Hadley cells

7. Global Climate Patterns 1. Shape of the Earth – differential heating and cooling causes rising and sinking air masses: Hadley cells

8. Global Climate Patterns 2. Revolution of the Earth on a tilted axis

9. Global Climate Patterns 2. Revolution of the Earth on a tilted axis, which causes Hadley cells to change latitude with the seasons

10. Global Climate Patterns 2. Revolution of the Earth on a tilted axis, which causes Hadley cells to change latitude with the seasons

11. Global Climate Patterns 2. Revolution of the Earth on a tilted axis, which causes Hadley cells to change latitude with the seasons

12. Global Climate Patterns 2. Revolution of the Earth on a tilted axis, which causes Hadley cells to change latitude with the seasons

13. Global Climate Patterns 3. Rotation of the Earth about its axis

14. Global Climate Patterns 3. Rotation of the Earth about its axis, which results in characteristic air and water currents Currents are deflected to the right in the Northern Hemisphere Currents are deflected to the left in the Southern Hemisphere

15. 3. Rotation of the Earth about its axis, which results in characteristic air and water currents Global Climate Patterns Currents are deflected to the right in the Northern Hemisphere Currents are deflected to the left in the Southern Hemisphere

16. Local Abiotic Conditions Local factors, such as topography, proximity to water bodies, and etc., superimpose their effects on the climate of a terrestrial region to produce local abiotic conditions (e.g., weather)

17. Aquatic Biomes Occupy the largest proportion of Earth’s surface

18. Aquatic Biomes Marine biomes account for 75% of Earth’s surface Fig. 50.15

19. Aquatic Biomes Marine biomes: Intertidal, coral reef, oceanic pelagic, benthic abyssal Fig. 50.15

20. Aquatic Biomes Marine Biome: Intertidal zones Alternately submerged and exposed by twice- daily cycle of tides The vertical zonation of organisms is common

21. Aquatic Biomes Marine Biome: Coral reefs Warm, tropical waters near continents or islands (neritic zone) often support coral reefs (built by the cnidarians that give this biome its name)

22. Marine Biome: Oceanic Pelagic Open ocean waters usually have lower nutrient concentrations than neritic waters, that phytoplankton – at the base of the food chain – nevertheless exploit

23. Marine: Benthic abyssal Abyssal organisms are generally few and far between, except where nutrient concentrations are high, e.g., whale carcasses (ephemeral) and hydrothermal vents (more permanent)

24. Terrestrial Biomes

25. Warm, wet conditions correspond to high productivity, whereas cold or dry conditions result in low productivity

26. Terrestrial Biomes Tropical forest Fig. 50.19

27. Terrestrial Biomes Tropical forest Tropical forests account for ~7% of the Earth’s terrestrial surface area Even so, >90% of Earth’s species may inhabit tropical forests

28. Terrestrial Biomes Desert Fig. 50.19

29. Terrestrial Biomes Desert Arid conditions generally prevent high productivity