1. Unit 10: The Road to the Civil War Lesson 1: Life in the North

2. As we said earlier,  Thanks to steam engines, a lot of changes took place in the North in the mid 1800s  What 2 major forms of transportation started to be powered by steam engines?  Boats & locomotives

3.  The use of steam locomotives obviously led to the growth of railroads  Name the 4 Monopoly railroads  Any idea what B&O stands for?  Clues:

4. Back to the History Stuff  Railroads & the telegraph both helped link distant places  Telegraph? What’s a telegraph?  An electrical telegraph machine could transmit messages over long distances without physically transporting anything Reminds me of 

5.  Then how were the messages transmitted?  As electrical signals in the form of Morse code  (developed by Samuel F. B. Morse)

6. How did steam engines affect people’s everyday lives?  They could now power factory machines,  which increased the number of manufacturing plants, workers, & cities

7.  Although the new industrial factories greatly increased the amount of goods that workers could produce,  the workers received low wages & faced dangerous working conditions

8. What could the workers have done to confront their employers and force them to make the factories safer?  Organize labor unions:  Organizations that try to improve the working conditions and wages of their members

9.  In the 1850s, strong labor unions began to emerge among skilled workers (like printers, stonecutters, & blacksmiths)  Unions of skilled workers became known as  trade societies

10.  Before long, unskilled factory workers began to organize & demand higher wages & shorter working hours  What method do unions often turn to to achieve their goals?

11. Strikes!  Strike: workers refusing to do their jobs until employers meet their demands  Most early strikes failed, and because they were illegal, strikers faced fines & jail sentences