1. The Impact of the French Revolution: Liberty, Equality and Fraternity  Reaction to French Revolution  French spread their ideals all over Europe. Dominated the other countries. Dominated the other countries. Some countries united- Germany and Italy Some countries united- Germany and Italy Other countries rebelled and failed.. Other countries rebelled and failed..

2. Napoleon Around the World  Napoleon’s influence in other countries  Europe- All of Europe united in their hatred of the French and kept the peace for almost 100 years.  The United States- Louisiana Purchase – needed $ to fight the British  Mexico- Fought the Spanish, gave Mexico time to revolt  The British and the United States – never were conquered by Napoleon- we don’t use the metric system

3. Nationalism The idea of a nation consisting of people unified by common culture, language, and/or religion, who should all be ruled by one government The idea of a nation consisting of people unified by common culture, language, and/or religion, who should all be ruled by one government

4. Racism  Race- a category of humankind that shares certain distinctive physical traits  Racism- a belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial differences produce an inherent superiority of a particular race

5. Name the Race

6. Nationality

7. Race

8. Nationality that is also a language

9. Other

10. Centers of European Nationalism  Ireland Ireland became directly governed by the British Crown after 1800, Ireland became directly governed by the British Crown after 1800, Nationalists demanded either independence or autonomyNationalists demanded either independence or autonomy Did not receive their independence until after WWI (1919) Did not receive their independence until after WWI (1919)

11. Polish Nationalism  Polish nationalists urged for armed struggle to regain independence from Austria, Prussia, and Russia Poland gained independence in 1989 Poland gained independence in 1989

12. Hungarian Nationalism  Empress Maria Theresa granted some rights to the Hungarian nobility Nationalists launched several uprisings, and participated in the Revolutions of 1848 Nationalists launched several uprisings, and participated in the Revolutions of 1848 Austria and Hungary became virtually separate nations Austria and Hungary became virtually separate nations

13. Reaction in Austria and Germany  Austria Very Conservative- keep things the same Very Conservative- keep things the same Austria was threatened as the most multi- ethnic country in Europe Austria was threatened as the most multi- ethnic country in Europe  The Austrians wanted to dominate the states of the German Confederation,  Ended up a separate country (Nobody likes a bully)

14. German Confederation  Over 300 German kingdoms, Prussia was the strongest Under Prussian leadership the German states merged into Germany in 1871

15. Balkan Nationalism  Numerous ethnic groups wanted independence, including Greeks, Serbs, Albanians, Romanians, and Bulgarians Greeks and Serbs gained independence in 1821 and 1830, from the Ottoman Empire Greeks and Serbs gained independence in 1821 and 1830, from the Ottoman Empire Other groups still fighting... Other groups still fighting...

16. Revolutions in Latin America  Terms to know  Peninsulares – Europeans who moved to Latin America  Creoles- Native born Latin Americans of European descent  Mestizos - Native born Latin American of European and Native descent  Mulattos – Native born Latin Americans of European and African descent

17. Reasons for Creole discontent  Wanted to trade freely in Latin America and with North America and Europe  Resented the peninsulares for better jobs and treatment  Elites read and adopted the ideas of the Enlightenment

18. Haiti  French colony - Started by a slave revolt led by Toussaint L'Ouverture in 1794  Not led by the Creoles  Haiti became independent in 1804

19. Rio de La Plata (Argentina)  Started with a revolt in Buenos Aires,  1810 Junta (Military dictatorship) overthrew the Spanish and sent troops into Paraguay and Uruguay  1814 - Jose de San Martin General of the Rio de La Plata forcesGeneral of the Rio de La Plata forces Led an army across the Andes MountainsLed an army across the Andes Mountains  1817 - San Martin occupied Santiago, Chile,  By 1821, San Martin defeated the royalists in Lima and declared himself Protector of Peru

20. Venezuela  1810 - Simon Bolivar organized a junta in Caracas Bolivar advocated a republic Bolivar advocated a republic  1811-1814 - Civil war between royalists and their supporters (slaves and llaneros - Venezuelan cowboys) and the republican government  Bolivar forced into exile in Colombia and Jamaica  1816 - With help from Haiti, Bolivar invaded Venezuela  1821 - Bolivar captured Caracas and became president  Bolivar helped Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Panama become independent. Bolivia was named in his honor

21. New Spain (Mexico,Texas,California) A junta was organized A junta was organized Creole priest Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla called for rebellion to the Indians in his parish Creole priest Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla called for rebellion to the Indians in his parish Indians and other repressed groups respondedIndians and other repressed groups responded Father Hidalgo proposed social and land reform,Father Hidalgo proposed social and land reform,  July 1811 - Hidalgo was captured and killed, Leadership went to mestizo priest Jose Maria Morelos y Pavon, Leadership went to mestizo priest Jose Maria Morelos y Pavon,  1815 - Morelos was executed, and the uprising ended United Spanish and Creole conservative groups in Mexico United Spanish and Creole conservative groups in Mexico

22. Texas and California

23. New Spain continued..  1820 - Conservatives' power was challenged, The Spanish monarchy wanted to come back The Spanish monarchy wanted to come back Conservatives rallied behind royalist general Augustin de Iturbide Conservatives rallied behind royalist general Augustin de Iturbide Declared independence in 1821Declared independence in 1821 Supported his declaration as emperorSupported his declaration as emperor  Imperial government did not last long, but Spain was never again in power in Mexico

24. Brazil  Brazilian independence was peaceful Portuguese royal family came to Brazil and transformed Rio de Janeiro into a court city Portuguese royal family came to Brazil and transformed Rio de Janeiro into a court city 1815 - Brazil became a kingdom, no longer being a colony of Portugal 1815 - Brazil became a kingdom, no longer being a colony of Portugal 1820 - Portuguese revolution demanded that Brazil be restored to colonial status and King Joao return to Portugal 1820 - Portuguese revolution demanded that Brazil be restored to colonial status and King Joao return to Portugal Joao left his son Dom Pedro as regentJoao left his son Dom Pedro as regent September 1822 - Dom Pedro accepted Brazilian independence and became Emperor of Brazil, the imperial government surviving until 1889 September 1822 - Dom Pedro accepted Brazilian independence and became Emperor of Brazil, the imperial government surviving until 1889