2. Archaebacteria One Cell Prokaryotic Sessile Decomposer/ Autotroph
Harsh conditions

3. Eubacteria One Cell Prokaryotic Sessile Decomposer/ Autotroph
Hospitable conditions

4. Prochloron didemni *WAS DISCOVERED IN 1976
MONERA
Prochloron
Prochloron didemni
*WAS DISCOVERED IN 1976
*UNICELLULAR MARINE ORGANISM
*BELIEVED TO BE SIMILAR TO THE
BACTERIA WHICH
EVOLVES TO FORM CHLOROPLAST

5. Protista Single celled / simple multicellular Eukaryotic
Sessile / Motile
Heterotrophs and Autotrophs
Includes organisms that “don’t fit”

6. Can be found in pond water Gets it’s name from Greek word amoibe
Protista
Amoeba
Amoeba proteus
Can be found in pond water
Gets it’s name from Greek word amoibe
Has no permanent shape
Multiplies by dividing into 2

7. Fungi One or many Eukaryotic Chitin in wall (soft cell wall)
Heterotrophic / Takes food
Sessile
Reproduce by spores

8. 1st miracle drug Used to treat wound infections Discovered by
Fungi
Penicillin
Penicillin
Penicillium notatum
1st miracle drug
Used to treat
wound infections
Discovered by
Alexander Fleming
In London,England
Discovered in 1929

9. Plantae Multi Cell Eukaryotic Cells with cellulose in cell wall
Sessile (some motile)
Autotrophic
Photosynthetic

10. Official state tree of New York
Plantae
Acer sccharum
Most abundant maple
tree in New York
Official state tree of New York
Can be found in the
eastern United States
Sugar Maple

11. The Sugar maple tree can grow
to be 100 feet tall
and timber spices
Produces maple syrup

12. Animalia Many Cells Eukaryotic Cells without walls Motile
Heterotrophic / Takes food

13. Is found in Central Asia
Snow
Animalla
Leopard
Uncia uncia
Is found in Central Asia
Weights lbs.
meters long

14. Snow leopards are able to kill Snow leopards are nocturnal.
prey twice their size.
Snow leopards are nocturnal.
Cubs are born blind.

15. FOUR QUESTIONS:
One or many cells?
Prokaryote or Eukaryote?
Sessile or Motile?
Take or Make food?

16. Objectives: Identify basics of viruses
Catalyst: What do you think the life cycle of a virus is? Please sign in on attendance sheet

17. Bacteria and Viruses

18. Viruses Are viruses ALIVE?
Viruses do reproduce and contain genetic information.
Viruses do not break down food or grow
Viruses are helpless without living cells! Viruses need to live in other cells called “host cells” so that they can reproduce!
VIRUSES ARE NOT ALIVE!!!
Viruses are made up of nucleic acid surrounded by one or two protein coats.

19. Viruses
-Viruses need a host cell in order to make more viruses.

20. Diseases caused by viruses
-Many diseases are caused by viruses including: Common cold, flu, small pox, warts and HIV.

21. How can you get a virus? Airborne Contaminated blood products
Contaminated food or water
Infected Animals or Vectors such as Mosquitoes
Sexual contact

22. BACTERIOPHAGE viruses that invade bacteria

23. Bacteriophage

25. LIFE CYCLE OF A VIRUS Infection Growth Replication Lysis
(attachment to cell and injection of G.M.)
Growth
Replication
Lysis

26. 2 TYPES OF INFECTION LYTIC INFECTION LYSOGENIC INFECTION
Virus takes over cell and reproduces itself (hijacker)
LYSOGENIC INFECTION
Virus DNA inserts into cell DNA and is copied as normal (sneak attack)

27. Cell bursts open and the viruses are released
LYSIS
Cell bursts open and the viruses are released

29. RETROVIRUS Viruses that have RNA as the genetic material

30. Create a Venn Diagram showing the similarities and differences between cells and viruses.

31. How many of you have had chicken pox?
How many of you have had chicken pox more than once???

32. 2 Lines of Defense
Immune
System
First Line
Second Line

33. First Line
Epidermis Cells Mucus Membranes Antibacterial Enzymes

34. Second Line
Leukocytes (WBC) Phagocytes (eat things) T-cells (killers) B-cells (markers)

35. Most types of viruses can not be treated
Most types of viruses can not be treated. We treat the symptoms instead and wait for our immune system to figure out how to kill the virus.

36. Drawing Page 479 – redraw and put it into your own words
Then start Virus Wanted Posters

37. Bacteria Vs. Viruses Size Structure Reproduction
The biggest virus is only as large as the smallest bacteria.
Structure
Bacteria are complex compared to viruses.
Reproduction
Bacteria contain all the blueprints and tools to reproduce themselves.
Viruses can only exist as parasites.
Antibiotic Effectiveness
Bacteria can be destroyed by antibiotics, viruses cannot.

38. Structural Differences

39. The Importance of Bacteria to Planet Earth
Bacteria are ecologically essential to life on Earth.
Photosynthesis by cyanobacteria
Decomposition of organic materials
Recycle nutrients back into the enviornment
Nitrogen fixation of atmospheric nitrogen into a form that can be used by plants

40. Good Bacteria 99% of all bacteria is good
You have more bacteria in your body than human cells
They aid in digestion
They produce vitamins
They destroy harmful organisms
A few bad bacteria get most of the press. Many people don’t know that most bacteria is beneficial.

41. Monera

43. MONERA single celled prokaryotes AKA “bacteria”

44. Monerans: What are they?
Bacteria and cyanobacteria
Simple, single-celled organisms
Prokaryotic
Believed to be the 1st organisms on Earth
3 Forms
Bacillus
Coccus
Spirillum

45. Kingdom Monera Kingdom Monera Domain Monera Phylum Archaebacteria
Phylum Eubacteria
Domain Monera
Kingdom Archaebacteria
Kingdom Eubacteria

46. Archaebacteria Anaerobic
They get energy from inorganic molecules or light
3 Phyla
Methanogens: Produce methane
Halophiles: Only live in concentrated saltwater
Thermoacidophiles: Live in hot, acid water of sulfur springs

47. Eubacteria Live in a wide variety of habitats
They get energy in a wide variety of ways.
3 Phyla
Heterotrophs: Need organic molecules for energy
Autotrophs: Photosynthetic
Chemotrophs: Get energy from the breakdown of inorganic substances such as sulfur and nitrogen

48. 3 PRIMARY BACTERIA SHAPES
ROD- bacilli
SPHERE- cocci
SPIRAL- spirilla
See page 364 in text

49. Rod Shaped Bacteria Example: E. coli (group of bacteria)
Causes urinary infections, food poisoning (lots more)
Helps in digestion
Can predict fecal contamination
Most studied of all organisms in biology (Why?)

50. Round Shaped Bacteria
Produce nearly 1/3 of all infections in humans including: strep throat, pneumonia, food poisoning, skin diseases, toxic shock syndrome, gonorrhea and meningitis
Also common in food production

51. Spiral Shaped Bacteria Examples: Borrelia burgdorferi and Treponema pallidum
Causes syphilis
Causes Lyme Disease

52. Shapes of Bacteria

53. Many bacteria reproduce by BINARY FISSION

54. Sooooo…are bacteria friend or foe???
BOTH!!!

55. FOES Food poisoning (Salmonella spp.)
Rod Shaped
Strep Throat (Streptococcus spp.)
Cocci
Cholera (Vibrio cholerae)

56. FRIENDS Add taste to foods (cheese, sour-dough, yogurt)
Help plants make proteins (converts N2 to NH4)
Help animals digest cellulose

57. E. Coli Naturally found in our bodies to aid in digestion
Often used in scientific DNA and gene research

58. B. thuringiensis
Natural pest killer in gardens and on crops

59. P. putida
Cleans waste from sewage water at water treatment plants

60. Streptomyces
Used to make streptomycin, an antibiotic used to treat infections

61. L. acidopohilus
Used to help turn milk into yogurt

62. Many types of bacteria infections can be treated with antibiotics.

63. ANTIBIOTICS any substance produced by a microorganism which harms or kills another microorganism However, antibiotics DO NOT harm viruses

64. Antibiotics Example: Penicillin
Comes from mold (fungus)
Stops the creation of a cell wall during binary fission
Many bacteria become resistant to types of antibiotics
Follow doctor’s orders!!!

65. II. Bacteria -There are two kinds of bacteria:
1. Archaebacteria-live in extreme environments (ex: hot springs, cold mountains).
2. Eubacteria-live everywhere else (ex: our bodies, food).

66. Bacteria -Bacteria are small, one-celled prokaryotes.
-Bacteria reproduce asexually by binary fission.

67. Bacteria Structure of Bacteria: -All bacteria have a cell wall.
-Bacteria are surrounded by a capsule which keeps them from being eaten by white blood cells.
-Only bacteria that have capsules are infectious (can cause disease).

68. Bacteria

69. Bacteria a. Diplo-paired c. Strepto-long chain
1. Bacteria come in 3 shapes
a. cocci-spheres
b. bacilli-rods
c. spirilli-spirals
2. Bacteria can be arranged in 3 ways
a. Diplo-paired
b. Staphylo-grapelike clusters
c. Strepto-long chain
3. Bacteria can live with or without oxygen
a. Aerobes-need oxygen (O2)
b. Anerobes-don’t need oxygen (O2)

70. Bacteria shapes
Streptococci Diplobacillis Streptospirilli

71. Bacteria
-Bacteria are all around us. Not all bacteria cause disease-we have bacteria that live in our stomachs that actually keep us healthy!
-Some bacteria do cause diseases such as Strep Throat, pneumonia, diphtheria.

72. Bacteria
-Penicillin kills bacteria by making holes in the cell wall. Water then enters the cell by osmosis, and the cells explode and die.