1. Review Three different forms of vision. Three factors which influence vision Vision is 9/10____and 1/10 th _______

2. Images have the power to reveal and/or stimulate mental states The psyche is both the conscious and unconscious mind) Sigmund Freud – conscious (small visible part) – Preconscious (underneath the waves) – Unconscious (huge mass beneath)

4. Carl Jung Believed in Archetypes. Universal images often represent Archetypal Events, Archetypal Figures, Archetypal Motifs found in myths, dreams, religions and works of art – Jung developed an understanding of archetypes as universal patterns and images that derive from the collective unconscious. Jung developed an understanding of archetypes as universal patterns and images that derive from the

5. Freud and Jung had very different ideas about the psyche however the commonality is that both believe in the importance of the unconscious. Carl Jung Believed in Archetypes. Universal images often represent Archetypal Figures, Archetypal Events, Archetypal Motifs found in myths, dreams, religions and works of art – Jung developed an understanding of archetypes as universal archaic patterns and images that derive from the collective unconscious Jung developed an understanding of archetypes as universal archaic patterns and images that derive from the collective unconscious

6. Freud and Jung had different ideas about the psyche however the commonality is that both believe in the importance of the unconscious.

7. Exposed to more than 3,000 ads per day. It would be impossible to process the content of all these ads with the conscious mind

8. How advertising seduces the unconscious? Two types of persuasion Rational persuasion employs logical arguments and believable evidence. Rational persuasion requires that the target or audience make an active effort in receiving and evaluating the information. The conscious mind must be engaged and motivated to process the information. Emotional persuasion relies on the subconscious mind's "auto- pilot" to handle the chores of receiving, processing and evaluating information to make a decision. The subconscious mind does not processing and evaluating information based on conscious thought. Consequently, emotions and instincts, which reside in the subconscious, kick in as the auto-pilot substitute for conscious thought. In other words, when decisions are made at the subconscious level, they are based on emotions and instincts, or "gut feeling.”

9. Decoding visual communications how it works ConceptExampleMethod CondensationFace/automobile Unification Displacementrifle = penisSubstitution MetaphorSuperpower= MonstersAnalogy MetonymyMansion =WealthAssociation Icon PhotographResemblance IndexSmoke from a windowCause and Effect SymbolCrucifix Convention/learned

10. Describe a vivid or recurring dream?

11. Condensation (strange incongruities) Condensation – how the mind processes symbols and visuals. Sometimes you see things tied together in bizarre ways. Our mind often in unconscious state of sleep unifies disparate symbols. We combine elements of various signs togeher to form new compositions Face/auto example in the text

13. displacement We transfer meaning from one symbol to another.

15. Difference between Metaphor & Metonymy MetaphorMetonymy Pentagon is metonym for the military A shared quality or feature between two unlike objects/ events. White house is metonymy for…. Hollywood sign is metonymy for… Love is like a game Huge Mansion = Wealth Rolls Royce = Wealth

17. Advertising makes great use of the power of Association Analogies _____is_____. Simile ____is like_____

18. What is semiotics? Semiotics is the study of signs – People use signs to convey information and to attempt to shape influence audiences’ attitudes and feelings. WHY SO WE STUDY SEMIOTICS? Important in all media: advertising, television, film, print, video games, web and mobile apps,etc.. Roland Barthes uses semiotics to expose underlying ideological assumptions in society Semiotics (Perceptual theory

19. Tie

20. What is a sign? Anything that stands for something else. TREE

21. ICONINDEXSYMBOL signified byResemblanceCasual ConnectionConvention examplesPhotographSmoke/FireCross/Flag processCan RecognizeCan Figure out -logicMust learn Trichotomy of SIGNS to help us understand visual communication. Any image can have a combination or icon, index and or symbol. Pierce’s Theory - ICON/INDEX/ SYMBOL

22. How do we make sense of visual phenomena? All signs are understood through one or more or a combination of Icons, Indexes, or Symbols 1) Resemblance (photos, drawings, sculptures, drawing) ICON - can recognize 2) Cause and Effect or Logic (smoke implies fire) INDEX – can figure out- logic 3) Convention (objects have symbolic value) SYMBOL - convention –must be learned 1) Signification (2 parts….)- and codes (- signifies or stands for something else. A sign is anything that stands for something else.

23. Two primary theorists: semiotics C.S. Pierce – (Icon, Index, Symbol) Ferdinand de Saussure (signifier, signified (codes))

24. Which is an icon, index, and symbol of a rose? (Pierce) ICONINDEXSYMBOL signified byResemblanceCasual ConnectionConvention examples Illustration/Photo Summer/BloomSymbol/Crest process Can RecognizeCan Figure outMust learn Looks like what it represents Withered Bloom indicates summerSymbol: War of the Roses illustration of a roseHistorical Period

25. Index - SIGN An index is a sign physically linked to or affected by its object. Cause/effect & logic.

26. Describing facial expression may provide us with more information - index. How might you describe- Icon, Index or symbol in this example.

29. FACIAL EXPRESSIONS are INDEX signs -43 muscles in the human face- different combinations show our emotions Faces are windows into the psyche Provide information about 1) emotions (fear, anger, enjoyment) 2) state of mind (sadness, euphoria) 3) cognitive activity (boredom, concentration, perplexity 4) temperament (shy, gregarious) 5) truthfulness (including exposing or concealed emotions) or (information provided is false) deceit 6) psychopathology (depression, mania, schizophrenia)

30. Ferdinand de Saussure Sign is made up of two parts. – The signifier (marker) – signified (meaning)

31. Signifiers/ Signified (Saussure) A SIGN HAS TWO PARTS Hair is one of the first things people notice about others SIGNIFIER (Marker) SIGNFIED (Meaning) BeretArty or______ crewcutMilitary or ____ Purple hairpunk Blondbubbly Sport capathletic Redheadfeisty, fiery

32. Cultural Codes Cultural codes may impact how that signified is read. Clotaire Rapaille theorizes that the culture code, distinctive behavioral cultural codes, are understood by age 7 on an unconscious level Culturual codes may shift with generations,regions, groups. It is possible to misinterpret codes - education, region, experience, social class. This is most similar to which primary core ML principles?

33. Signs can be used to tell the truth and lie (simultaneously) this is called- “double valence” : Think about signs used in advertising that may be used to lie

34. Codes (Saussure) Cultural codes impact how signs are understood ) cultural codes – A) Systematic rules culturally determined » Differences of driving Europe and America, » (LA vs… other drivers) – B) Cultural codes understood through osmosis- which operate below the level of articulation. » YINZER CLASS EXERCISE. » Children by the age of 8 understand cultural codes of their region.

35. Semiot

36. Decoding visual communication ConceptExampleMethod IconPhotographResemblance IndexSmoke from a windowCause and Effect SymbolCrucifix Convention/learned CondensationFace/automobile Unification Displacementrifle = penisSubstitution MetaphorSpidermans costumeAnalogy (is like) MetonymyMansion = wealthAssociation (is associated with)