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HTML 5 Overview Document Structure, Basic Tags, Common Elements SoftUni Team Technical Trainers Software University http://softuni.bg
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Table of Contents 1.Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) 2.HTML Terminology: Tags, Attributes, Elements 3.HTML Document Structure:,,, DOCTYPE 4.HTML Common Elements: Text, Paragraphs, Headings, Hyperlinks, Images, Lists 5.Section Elements: and 6.Semantic Structural Tags 2
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Hypertext Markup Language What is HTML?
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Hypertext Markup Language HTML – Hyper Text Markup Language A notation for describing document structure (semantic markup) formatting (presentation markup) Looks (looked?) like: A Microsoft Word document The markup tags provide meta-information about the page content and define its structure A HTML document consists of many tags (with nesting) 4
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5 An HTML document must have an.htm or.html file extension HTML files can be created with text editors: Notepad++, GEdit, Sublime Text, WebStorm, … Or HTML editors (WYSIWYG Editors): Microsoft WebMatrix Microsoft Expression Web Microsoft Visual Studio Adobe Dreamweaver Adobe Edge Creating HTML Pages
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HTML – Past, Present, Future 1991 – HTML first mentioned – Tim Berners-Lee – HTML tags 1993 – HTML (first public version, published at IETF) 1993 – HTML 2 draft 1995 – HTML 2 – W3C 1995 – HTML 3 draft 1997 – HTML 3.2 – “Wilbur” 1997 – HTML 4 – ”Cougar” – CSS 1999 – HTML 4.01 (final) 2000 – XHTML draft 2001 – XHTML (final) 2008 – HTML5 / XHTML5 draft 2011 – feature complete HTML5 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML5#Plan_2014 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML5#Plan_2014 6
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HTML Terminology Tags, Attributes and Elements
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HTML Terminology Concepts in HTML Tags Opening tag and closing tag The smallest piece in HTML Attributes Properties of the tag, e.g. size, color, etc… Elements Combination of opening, closing tag and attributes 8
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HTML Tags Tags are the smallest piece in HTML Document Start with " " Two kinds of tags Opening Mark the start of an HTML element Closing Mark the end of an HTML element Start with " " 9 Hello HTML5! Hello HTML5! Opening tag Closing tag Opening tag
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Attributes are properties of the HTML elements Used to specify size, color, borders, etc… Has value surrounded by " " or ' ' (always a string) go to SoftUni go to SoftUni Attributes 10 Some tags don't have closing tag Some tags don't have s closing tag
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Most Common Attributes Common attributes for every HTML element id – assigns a unique element identifier (ID) class – assigns CSS class to styling name – assigns a name (for form elements) style – defines inline CSS style definitions Specific attributes for certain elements E.g. attribute src of the img element Shows the path to the image to be shown 11
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Custom Attributes The data- attributes gives us the ability to embed custom data attributes on all HTML elements. The stored (custom) data can then be used in the page's JavaScript. Note: Custom attributes prefixed with "data-" will be completely ignored by the user agent. 12
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HTML Elements HTML elements are tags with content Opening tag (+ attributes) + content + closing tag 13 SoftUni SoftUni Books Books </div> HTML element Opening tag Closing tag Element body (content)
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HTML Terminology Live Demo
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HTML Document Structure HTML Document, Doctype, Head, Body
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HTML Document Structure Essential elements for each HTML document: html, head, body, doctype The element Used to mark the start and ending of the HTML document All the content of the web page is inside this tag 16 <html> …</html>
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Head Element The contains markup not visible to the user But helps the browser to render correctly the HTML document What is in there? Styles declarations Scripts declarations Encoding specification Metadata definitions The title tag – the text in the title (tab title) of the browser 17
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DOCTYPE and Body Element The DOCTYPE declaration is kind of the validator of the page Tells the browser which version of HTML to use Prefer the HTML 5 Doctype: The element contains the entire visible markup Headings, paragraphs, text, hyperlinks, images, etc… Forms, textboxes, sliders, buttons, … 18
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HTML Document Structure Live Demo
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HTML Common Elements Used in 90% of All Internet Sites
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The text formatting tags modify the text inside them Ex. Hello makes the text "Hello" bold Most of them are deprecated use CSS instead! 21 HTML Element Result<strong></strong> strong (bold) <em></em>emphasized <sub></sub> Sample subscript <sup></sup> Sample superscript <b></b>bold <i></i>italicized <u></u>underlined <pre></pre> Preformatted text
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Some Simple Tags Hyperlink tag Image tag Text formatting tags 22 SoftUni SoftUni This text is emphasized. This text is emphasized. new line new line This one is more emphasized. This one is more emphasized.
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23 External hyperlink Local hyperlink Relative hyperlink Hyperlinks SoftUni SoftUni Exercises Exercises … See the exercises See the exercises presentation presentation
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24 Images are inserted by the tag Recommended attributes for all images: alt – image alternative text (acts like a description) title – image description (shown on mouse hover) width, height – the image size Avoid using width and height attributes. Use CSS instead! Always assign size to all images! Images <img src="logo.gif" alt="company logo" width="150px" height="150px" title="Company Slogan" /> width="150px" height="150px" title="Company Slogan" />
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25 Embedded images have special src attribute: Use embedded images only as last resort Not cached Hard to modify / maintain Embedded Images
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Headings and Paragraphs Heading Tags: – Paragraph Tags: Sections: and 26 This is my first paragraph This is my first paragraph This is my second paragraph This is my second paragraph Heading 1 Heading 1 Sub heading 2 Sub heading 2 Sub heading 3 Sub heading 3 This is a div This is a div
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Ordered Lists: Tag Create an Ordered List using : Attribute values for type are 1, A, a, I, or i 27 Java Java PHP PHP C++ C++ </ol> a.Java b.PHP c.C++ 1.Java 2.PHP 3.C++ A.Java B.PHP C.C++ I.Java II.PHP III.C++ i.Java ii.PHP iii.C++
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Unordered Lists: Tag Create an U nordered L ist using : Attribute values for type are: disc, circle and square 28 Java PHP C++ o Java o PHP o C++ Java PHP C++ Java Java PHP PHP C++ C++ </ul>
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Definition lists: tag Create definition lists using Pairs of text ( ) and associated definition ( ) Renders without bullets Definition is indented 29 <dl><dt>HTML</dt> A markup language … A markup language … <dt>CSS</dt> Language used to … Language used to … </dl>
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HTML Common Elements Live Demo
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Section Elements and
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The Tag creates logical divisions within a page Block element (rendered as rectangle) Typically used with CSS classes s can be nested as blocks Example: 32 DIV example DIV example This one is only a test. This one is only a test.
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Live Demo
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The Tag is inline styling element Useful for modifying a specific portion of text Inline element doesn't create a separate area (paragraph) in the document Used to style pieces of text 34 This one is only a test. This one is only a test. This one is another TEST. This one is another TEST.
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Live Demo
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Semantic Structural Tags
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The Structure of a Web Page A typical layout structure of a Web page
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The "HTML 4 and Before" Way Using s with ID s (the IDs are needed for styling) 38 <html> … … <body> </body></html>
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The HTML 4 Way Live Demo
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The HTML 5 Way In HTML 5 there are semantic tags for layout ,,,, 40 <html> … … <body> </body></html>
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Semantic Structural Tags Live Demo
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42 HTML should be well formatted Nested tags should be indented on the right, but not always! Any sequence of whitespace converts to a single space HTML Code Formatting </div> </div> We have a space after the image! We have a space before the image!
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43 Character entities are used to display reserved characters in HTML. Characters, not present on your keyboard, can also be replaced by entities. Entities can be presented by name or by number. HTML Entities <div> <div></div> <div></div></div> Result will be a div with content as text start (&) name end (;)
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HTML Tips and Practices Have the correct vision and attitude towards HTML HTML is only about structure, not appearance Browsers tolerate invalid HTML code and parse errors You should always write correct HTML Format your HTML code Always think about semantics The W3C HTML Validator is a way to validate your HTML http://validator.w3.org http://validator.w3.org 44
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45 HTML describe structured content (text, images, tables, figures, etc.) in HTML elements Elements consist of open / closing tag + content HTML documents consist of + Commonly used HTML tags: ,,,,,,, …,,,,,,, are block elements is inline element Summary
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? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? HTML 5 - Overview https://softuni.bg/courses/web-fundamentals
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License This course (slides, examples, demos, videos, homework, etc.) is licensed under the "Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International" licenseCreative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International 47 Attribution: this work may contain portions from "HTML Basics" course by Telerik Academy under CC-BY-NC-SA licenseHTML BasicsCC-BY-NC-SA "CSS Styling" course by Telerik Academy under CC-BY-NC-SA licenseCSS StylingCC-BY-NC-SA
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