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2. Climate change & poverty are “The two defining challenges of this century.” There is hardly anything the Philippines can do to prevent climate change. Our survival chance is to focus on reducing poverty.

9. S&T performance is measured by number of papers published in peer-reviewed international journals (valid publication). 2. RP’s adaptive potential Indicated by S&T performance and National progress Or ISI-indexed or covered in: Science Citation Index (3,770 journals) Social Sciences Citation Index (2,700) Arts and Humanities Citation Index (1,470)

11. Years Studies completed No. papers produced % valid publications 1987-92 UPV 214 8 1991-93UPD 399 5 Low percentages of properly published studies

12. S&T performance

13. National progress 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008

17. N ewsletters & proceedings articles ( Gray literature ) Project report or thesis Data gatheringPublication (peer review) Proposal Journal article (verification) Right and wrong ways of doing research

19. New teaching methods To understand the effects of vital issues like climate change, innovative education will play a critical role. Innovative STEM teaching in the US. Entire department is the unit of change. Inquiry-based science education in EU. E-textbook: Online teaching & learning.

21. Features The principal criterion of faculty recruitment & promotion is research. Emphasis is graduate education. Developing research universities For training faculty of other universities, which in turn will provide better prepared teachers at secondary and primary levels.

22. Teaching and research The relationship between the two has long been established. The two are positively correlated — teaching effectiveness benefits from research activity. Research and teaching as joint activity is central to the idea of the modern university. These two activities are so mutually reinforcing that they must coexist in the same institutions.

23. The key is valid publication for the: Evaluator to do evaluation Proponent to get research grant Researcher to get recognition PhD student to get the degree etc. PhD vs publication Graduate degree : indicator of capability. Valid publication : indicator of performance.

24. Concluding statements Other public expenditure can be postponed, but delaying measures to mitigate climate impacts “is a high-risk, high-cost option.” We should be prepared and do what must be done. We hardly have better alternatives. Decisions on appointments, funding, and performance should be based on objective assessment. florlaca @ gmail.com