1. Movement Analysis Most (if not all) activities can be analyzed by breaking them down into three general phases: 1) preparation ↔ deceleration ↔ eccentric 2) acceleration ↔ acceleration ↔ concentric 3) follow-through ↔ deceleration ↔ eccentric The more complex an activity is the more phases it tends to have. ex. baseball pitch, walking

2. Types of Mechanical Loads on the Human Body

3. Composition and Structure of Bone Tissue Composition –minerals (calcium and phosphate) –protein (collagen) Structure - based on porosity –cortical bone (contributes to the stiffness of bone) dense non-porous –trabecular bone (contributes to flexibility) Less dense porous

4. Trabecular and Cortical Bone

5. Cortical and Trabecular Bone

6. Bone Growth Longitudinal growth (epiphyses) Circumferential growth –osteoblasts cells (building) –osteoclasts cells (absorbtion) Wolf’s Law – bone strength increases as the force on bone increases –active lifestyle (bone hypertrophy) –sedentary lifestyle (bone atrophy)

7. Load/Deformation (Stress/Strain) Relationship