1. The Geographer’s Tools Copyright 1996-2001 © Dale Carnegie & Associates, Inc.

2. Globe Three-dimensional representation of the earth –not easily portable –we can only see half of it at a time

3. Map Two-dimensional graphic representation of selected parts of the earth’s surface. –Distorts the earth when flattened

4. Cartographer: A person who makes maps Map Projection –A way of drawing the Earth’s surface by presenting a round Earth on a flat paper.

5. Planar/Azimuthal Projection on a flat surface. –Distorts shape and size

6. Conical Projection onto a cone –Usually shows east to west –Distorts land at edges

7. Mercator (compromise) Projection onto a cylinder –Shows entire earth on one map –Places are distorted at the poles and compressed near the equator

8. Homolosine “Interrupted map” –Accurate shapes and sizes –cannot measure distances correctly

9. Robinson Oval with top and bottom edges cut off –Accurate size and shape –Places near poles appear flat

10. Peter’s projection Distorts shape Size more accurate

11. North isn’t UP? N

12. Early maps:

13. ACTIVITY MENTAL MAPS

14. Important to know: Maps have different purposes. –Geographer’s use a map for the job their doing Airplane pilot Contractor Teacher

15. Physical Map A two dimensional representation of the natural features of the earth

16. Political Map A two dimensional representation of the states and countries of the earth.

17. Surveying Observing Measuring and recording what is seen in a specific area in order to make a map

18. Landsat A series of satellites that orbit more than 100 miles above the Earth and collect geographic data.

19. Geostationary Operational Environment Satellite (GOES) Weather Satellite Global Positioning System (GPS) Uses 24 satellites called Navstars which beam information to the earth to give the exact position (lat, long, time) to a hand-held receiver.

20. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Stores information about the world in a digital database. –Combine info. From variety of sources –Display allows user to visualize the use of space –#1 tool of Geographers. $$$

21. ACTIVITY SKETCH MAPS