1. The Mongol AND Ming

3. Mongol Origins Nomadic horse people N. China Grasslands
Raised horses, tended sheep
Felt tents: Yerts, Ger
Language: Altaic (Rel. To Turkic, Manchurian)
Could not marry between tribes and clans

4. Organization Families-->Clans-->Tribes-->
Tribes gathered during annual migration
Chiefs elected. Based on nobility, military ability, wisdom, leadership skills
Religion: Shamanism
Nature deities, but key God is the Sky God
Sacred color: blue

5. Temujin: Ghengis Khan b. 1167, son of tribal chief
Father poisoned…fled as youth
Returned as adult, avenged father, Eventually chief
By age forty had unified all Mongol tribes
Battles, alliances, ability to survive
Elected as the Great Khan
Amazing talents along with sons and grandsons

6. positive aspects of the Mongol conquests
promoted commercial and cultural exchanges global civilizations
stable government based on precedents
provided lengthy period of peace

7. Mongol Army Tactics All males 15-70 served in army
Organized into“Myriads” or tumen (10,000’s)
Units within each of 1000, 100, and 10
Unpaid
Elaborate signals
Soldiers supplied military equipment

8. Conquest Intelligence gathering high priority
Foreign experts and advisors
Every man carried own supplies; had 2 horses.
Loyalty oaths
Creation of Yasa, law code

9. 32 million square kilometers

10. Divisions at Genghis Khan’s Death
Four Khanates
Kipchak Khanate (Golden Hoarde)
Russia
IlKhanate
Persia
Chagatai Khanate
Mongolia
Great Khanate
China, Outer Mongolia, Border States, to which the others owed allegiance. Later became the Yuan Dynasty

11. China under Mongol Rule
Kublai Khan conquered all of China and defeated the Song.
Ruled from Cambulac (Beijing)
Called himself the Yuan dynasty ( )
Building Projects
Religious Toleration
Ethnic Ranking
Marco Polo spent 17 years in Kublai’s service