1. The Problems of Overpopulation Chapter 9

2. Key Objectives 1.Perceptions of carrying capacity:cultural and ecological 2.Population and economic growth 3.Cultural values and population growth 4.Governmental influences on population 5.Current efforts to slow population growth

3. Population and Quality of Life Environmental degradation Hunger Persistent poverty Economic stagnation Urban deterioration Health issues Primary problems with overpopulation:

4. Types of hunger Famine Chronic Hunger

5. Population and Quality of Life Different proposed strategies for reducing hunger: 1) Strictly control population growth 2) Stimulate economic development 3) Provide better equitability of resources

6. Debt in Developing Countries World Bank The world bank provides low-interest loans, interest free credit & grants to developing nations for education, health, infrastructure, communications… International Monetary Fund (IMF) The IMF is charged with safeguarding the stability of the international monetary system. I.E. - market crashes

7. Reducing the Total Fertility Rate Why is Total Fertility Typically High? Gender defined roles High fertility to compensate for high mortality Work expectations of children Religious beliefs

8. Reducing the Total Fertility Rate The Social and Economic Status of Women Gender inequity is common worldwide Percent illiteracy of men and women in select developing countries, 2002

9. Reducing the Total Fertility Rate The Social and Economic Status of Women Gender inequity is common worldwide Younger age of marriage  ↑ fertility rates Higher level of education  ↓ fertility rates

10. Reducing the Total Fertility Rate Family Planning Services

11. Birth Spacing - Babies in Space? What is birth spacing and why is it important?

12. Government Policies and Fertility China’s Controversial Family Planning Policy One child per family Main problems with policy: Eroded personal freedom Disproportionate number of males born

13. Government Policies and Fertility India’s Severe Population Pressure Early efforts centered on compulsory sterilization. (which was a complete failure) Currently attempting to integrate economic development and family planning. (total fertility rates have dropped)

14. Government Policies and Fertility Case-in-Point: The Global Summit on Population and Development Focused on: Reproductive rights Empowerment of women Reproductive health

15. Achieving Population Stabilization Discuss some of the ethical issues associated with overpopulation: Is it ethical to have more than 2 children? Is it ethical to consume to much in the way of material possessions? Is it ethical to try to influence a couple’s decision about family size?

16. The American Dream What Determines Quality of Life? Voluntary Simplicity