1. What is What will be UNDER THE HOOD and IN THE TANK ? DAY 3 Hydrogen By John Zavalney

2. Alternative Fuels HYDROGEN Most abundant element in the universe Composes about 75% of the universal elemental mass Atomic number 1 Colorless, odorless and tasteless Diatomic gas: H 2 Naturally occurring elemental hydrogen is relatively rare on Earth. Energy Carrier:Moves & stores energy

3. Producing H 2 (g) By-product: When metals & strong acids or bases mix Reformation: Industrial steam reformation of natural gas Electrolysis: Decomposition of water due to an electric current passing through it

4. Alternative Fuels HYDROGEN Producing H 2 (g) 1. By-product: When metals & strong acids Zinc plus an acid (H + ) produces hydrogen gas Zn + 2 H + → Zn 2+ + H 2 Not practical for commercial production

5. Alternative Fuels HYDROGEN Producing H 2 (g) 2. Reformation: Industrial steam reformation of natural gas Methane plus steam produces hydrogen gas CH 4 + H 2 O → CO + 3 H 2 Uses a nonrenewable fossil fuel

6. Alternative Fuels HYDROGEN Producing H 2 (g) 3. Electrolysis: Decomposition of water due to an electric current passing through it Water plus electricity produces hydrogen gas 2H 2 O(aq) + e - → 2H 2 (g) + O 2 (g) It takes energy to decompose water

7. Alternative Fuels HYDROGEN video of solar electrolysis http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TNuExC8kVKE

8. Alternative Fuels HYDROGEN Electrolysis Chemistry Cathode Reduction Reaction Cathode Reduction Site 1.H 2 O -> H + + OH - 2.H + + e - -> H 3.H + H -> H 2 H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H2H2 e-e- e-e- e-e-

9. Alternative Fuels HYDROGEN Electrolysis Chemistry Anode Oxidation Reaction Anode Oxidation Site 1.(OH - ) -> Anode 2.4 OH - -> O 2 + 2 H 2 O + 4e - e-e- e-e- e-e- OH - O2O2

10. Alternative Fuels HYDROGEN Hydrogen Fuel Cells Hydrogen can be stored as a gas or liquid Hydrogen is reacted with oxygen to produce electricity An electric motor turns the transmission “How Stuff works” fuel cells

11. Alternative Fuels HYDROGEN Fuel Cells What do you know ? Learn more Fuel Cell Quiz

12. Alternative Fuels HYDROGEN Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engine Hydrogen gas stored in pressurized tank Hydrogen burns in a modified ICE Power output for Hydrogen is 42% more than gas using carburetors and 20% with injectors Combustion formula including nitrogen in the air is H 2 + O 2 + N 2 = H 2 O + N 2 + NO x

13. Alternative Fuels HYDROGEN CONS Hydrogen is not naturally occurring: it must be produced Fuels are expensive Fuels currently last 7300 hours 2 PROS True Zero Emission Vehicle No operational greenhouse gas emissions Very highly efficient More energy pound for pound than gasoline : better mileage