1. Keene State College – New Hampshire Marj Droppa, PhD Dick Jardine, PhD ACHA Annual Conference 2013

2. Objective 1  Relationship between wellness & academics Objective 2  Impact of risky health behavior on success of first-year cohorts Objective 3  Using research to keep our first-years in school

3.  Relationship between Wellness and Academic Performance

4. First-year students 1/3 don’t return $3.8 billion income $566 million federal taxes $164 million state taxes

5. Earnings 22-50% Lifespan 5 years Debt Dropout

6. 1. Stress – 29% 2. Sleep – 20% 3. Anxiety – 19% 4. Cold/flu – 14% 7. Depression – 11.3%

7.  2 first-year cohorts  Entry – Graduation  Race/ethnicity

8.  By 2017: 20 million college students  First generation  Female  Black, Hispanic, Asian  Veterans  Disabilities

9. Sexual Wellness Emotional Wellness Physical Wellness Drug/Alcohol Wellness COLLEGE WELLNESS SURVEY

10.  Overall Wellness Score  Score in each Wellness Dimension  Drugs/Alcohol  Sexual Wellness  Emotional Wellness  Physical Wellness

11. GPA Higher Wellness Success

13.  Impact of risky health behavior on first-year academic performance

14. Institution comparison – Respondent racial composition

16. Difference in GPA from first-second year was not significant

17. MEAN WELLNESS SCORE Sophomores at KSC were less well than in their 1 st year

18. Difference Sample Mean Std. Err.DFT-StatP-value μ 1K - μ 2K 0.01750.0081318.892.1600.0314 μ 1T - μ 2T -0.00190.0084508.35-0.2250.822 Hypothesis test results: μ 1k : mean of KSC 1st μ 2k : mean of KSC 2nd μ 1k - μ 2k : mean difference H 0 : μ 1k - μ 2k = 0 H A : μ 1k - μ 2k ≠ 0 Hypothesis test results: μ 1T : mean of TAMU 1st μ 2T : mean of TAMU 2nd μ 1T - μ 2T : mean difference H 0 : μ 1T - μ 2T = 0 H A : μ 1T - μ 2T ≠ 0 Significance testing of difference in mean wellness scores CONCLUSION: KSC students’ wellness score worsened from first to the second year, and the difference is statistically significant. CAVEAT: Data distribution skewed, not a probability sample, groups not independent

19. Wellness scoreKSC 1stKSC 2ndTAMU 1stTAMU 2nd mean0.8040.7870.7930.797 standard deviation0.0900.1030.1020.089 Dimension subscore (mean ) D&A65.764.566.7 Sexual50.949.15151.4 Physical23.322.521.721.2 Emotional33.933.833.334 Numerical summary of Wellness Survey scores KSC students’ wellness scores dropped across all dimensions Which wellness dimension had significant effect on GPA?

20.  Logistic regression analyzes relationships between dichotomous response variable (e.g., higher and lower GPA) and categorical or quantitative explanatory variables (e.g., Wellness Score)  Combines the explanatory variables to determine the probability that the response variable would occur  Logistic regression requires no assumptions of normality or of similar variability in the explanatory variables  Applied Logistic Analysis Hosmer, Lemeshow and Sturdivant

21.  VariableEstimateStd. Err.ZstatP-value Odds Ratio Intercept-4.4381.459-3.0420.0023 Wellness Score 0.0200.00832.4230.01511.020 Logistic regression results Dependent Variable: High GPA Independent Variable(s): Weighted Wellness Score Parameter estimates

22. 

23.  Conclusion: Student GPA performance most significantly influenced by their propensity to smoke cigarettes.

24. TAMU-CC Cohort

25.  While women claimed to have higher GPA, their wellness score was lower than their male counterparts % High GPA Mean Weighted Wellness Score Female (n = 151)49.7%0.79 Male (n = 73)38.4%0.82

26.  Students who reported as Asian or multiracial had higher Wellness scores and reported higher GPA  If resource constrained, intervention should be targeted on the Hispanic and White student groups race n % High GPA Mean Weighted Wellness Score Asian 12 75.0%0.85 Biracial 11 36.4%0.80 Black 18 44.4%0.80 Hispanic 89 43.8%0.79 Multiracial 11 81.8%0.83 White 94 45.7%0.79

27.  Using research to keep our first-year students in school

28. Questions  Freshmen programming focus?  If use our analysis, what would you have to change on your campus?  Please share Drugs & Alcohol Smokers SOPHOMORES

29.  2 more years of First-Year Cohorts study  New Wellness Survey  New Collaborations

33. Marj Droppa, PhD Keene State College, New Hampshire Email: mdroppa@keene.edumdroppa@keene.edu